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Quality Control > M3-1 INTRODUCTION TO TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS; NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS - PART 2 - > Flashcards

M3-1 INTRODUCTION TO TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS; NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS - PART 2 - Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of active constituent in sample

A

ANALYTE

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2
Q

Amount of solution with known concentration

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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3
Q

Chemical Equivalence

A

end point

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4
Q

Analytical method

A

TITRIMETRY (Titrimetric Analysis)

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5
Q

what substance is added in the Erlenmeyer flask?

A

Analyte or Sample

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5
Q

Have an unknown concentration of the active constituent

A

Analyte or Sample

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6
Q

Physical change

A

end point

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7
Q

ASSAY
= TITRANT?

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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7
Q

also known as stock solution

A

standard working solution

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8
Q

ASSAY
= TITRAND?

A

ANALYTE

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9
Q

STAN’ZN
= TITRANT?

A

STANDARD WORKING SOLUTION

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9
Q

amount of added titrant is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the sample

A

Equivalence Point

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10
Q

STAN’ZN
= TITRAND?

A

PRIMARY STANDARD/ SECONDARY STANDARD

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10
Q

Types of Analysis based on Reaction:

A
  1. Neutralization
    a) Acidimetry
    b) Alkalimetry
  2. Precipitation
  3. Redox
  4. Complexation
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11
Q

substance being titrated at Erlenmeyer flask

A

Titrand

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11
Q

solution added from the buret

A

Titrant

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12
Q

A highly pure substance
+ Dried solid

A

PRIMARY STANDARD

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12
Q

Usually, a solution with known concentration
+ liquid

A

SECONDARY STANDARD

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13
Q

Methods of Titration

A
  1. Direct Titration
  2. Residual (Back) Titration
  3. Blank Titration
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14
Q

Titrant is added to analyte until a reaction goes to completion

A

DIRECT TITRATION

15
Q

+ consists of onky one titrant only
+ until physical change (endpoint) occurs
+ titrant (Standard solution)
+ titrand (Analyte)

! Standardization employs direct titration

A

DIRECT TITRATION

16
Q

Type of Acid-Base Titrimetry

A
  1. ACIDIMETRY
  2. ALKALIMETRY

Type of Analysis →
Opposite of Unknown (analyte)

16
Q

Analysis of “bases (analyte)” using an accurately measured volume of “acid (standard solution)”

+ Titrant - acid
+ Titrand (Analyte) - base

A

ACIDIMETRY

17
Q

Analysis of “acids (analyte)” using an accurately measured volume of “base (standard solution)”

+ Titrant - base
+ Titrand (Analyte) - acid

A

ALKALIMETRY

17
Q

Assay of Sodium bicarbonate
+ Titrant - ?
+ Titrand (Analyte) - ?
+ Type of Analysis: ?

A

+ Titrant - acid (0.1N H2SO4)
+ Titrand (Analyte) - base (NaHCO3)
+ Type of Reaction: Acidimetry

18
Q

UNKNOWN

A

ANALYTE

19
Q

KNOWN

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

19
Q

Assay of Hydrochloric acid
+ Titrant - ?
+ Titrand (Analyte) - ?
+ Type of Analysis: ?

A

+ Titrant - base (1N NaOH)
+ Titrand (Analyte) - acid (HCl)
+ Type of Reaction: Alkalimetry

20
Q

In a __________, the titrant and titrand are opposite in nature (i.e. acid-base).

A

direct titration

21
Q

Assay of Boric acid

(ACIDIMETRY or ALKALIMETRY)

A

Analyte: boric acid (acid) → ALKALIMETRY

22
Q

Assay of NaOH

(ACIDIMETRY or ALKALIMETRY)

A

Analyte: NaOH (base) → ACIDIMETRY

22
Q

Assay of Tartaric acid

(ACIDIMETRY or ALKALIMETRY)

A

Analyte: tartaric acid (acid)→ ALKALIMETRY

23
Q

*Used to determine the “%content or purity” of a substance (analyte) in a given sample employing [ direct titration ]

A

%𝑨 =
𝒎𝑳 𝒙 𝑵 𝒙 𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕
————————– 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒈𝒔𝒙

24
Q

This method is used if:
1. there is a “large difference” between equivalence and end points (also called titration error)
2. when the sample is “insoluble” in water
3. when the reaction between the titrant and analyte is “slow”

A

RESIDUAL TITRATION
(Back titration

25
Q

large difference between equivalence and end points

A

titration error

25
Q
  • Excess reagent is added to the
    analyte and the excess is determined.
  • Composed of:
    – One (1) analyte
    – Two (2) standard solutions → RESIDUAL
  • Excess reagent/solution
  • Back titrant solution
A

RESIDUAL TITRATION
(Back titration)

25
Q

Assay of Milk of Magnesia (MOM)
(2 standards solutions used; NaOH and H2SO4)

+ Titrant - ?
+ Titrand (Analyte) - ?
+ Excess - ?
+ Type of Analysis: ?

A

+ Titrant - Base(1N NaOH)
+ Titrand (Analyte) - base (Mg(OH)2)
+ Excess - acid (1N H2SO4)
+ Type of Reaction: Residual Acidimetry

26
Q

Assay of Aspirin tablets
(2 standards solutions used; NaOH and H2SO4)

+ Titrant - ?
+ Titrand (Analyte) - ?
+ Excess - ?
+ Type of Analysis: ?

A

+ Titrant - Acid (aspirin)
+ Titrand (Analyte) - Acid (H2SO4)
+ Excess - Base (NaOH)
+ Type of Reaction: Residual Alkalimetry

27
Q

ASSAY (Direct)

ACIDIMETRY
Analyte: Base
Titrant: Acid

ALKALIMETRY
Analyte: Acid
Titrant: Base

ASSAY (Residual)

ACIDIMETRY
Analyte: Base
Titrant: Base
Excess: Acid

ALKALIMETRY
Analyte: Acid
Titrant: Acid
Excess: Base

A

! Remember

28
Q

Assay of Zinc oxide
(2 standards solutions used; NaOH and H2SO4)

+ Titrant - ?
+ Titrand (Analyte) - ?
+ Excess - ?
+ Type of Analysis: ?

A

+ Titrant - Zinc oxide (base)
+ Titrand (Analyte) - NaOH (base)
+ Excess - H2SO4 (acid)
+ Type of Analysis: Residual Acidimetry

28
Q

*Used to determine the “%content or purity” of a substance (analyte) in a given sample using [ residual or back titration ]

A

%𝑨 =
𝑵𝒙𝒔𝑽𝒙𝒔 − 𝑵𝒕𝑽𝒕 𝒙 𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕
————————————— 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒈𝒔𝒙

𝒙𝒔 → 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕 → 𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏�

28
Q

Performed using the same quantities of the same reagent treated in the same manner,
[ but without the analyte ]

No Analyte
*Contains diluent, indicator etc

A

BLANK TITRATION

29
Q

Formula for 𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕

A

𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕 =
MW
—————-
feq x 1000

30
Q
  • Used to “detect impurities”
  • The volume used in blank is ‘subtracted from’ to actual volume to compensate this error
A

BLANK TITRATION

31
Q

Analysis of bases using an accurately measured volume of acid

A. Acidimetry
B. Alkalimetry
C. Argentometry
D. Compleximetry

A

A. Acidimetry

32
Q

Type of analysis where an acidic sample is treated with an excess standard base, and the unreacted base is titrated with a standard acid.

A. Direct Acidimetry
B. Direct Alkalimetry
C. Residual Acidimetry
D. Residual Alkalimetry

A

D. Residual Alkalimetry

33
Q

In the residual titration of magnesium hydroxide, which of the following solution is used as the back-titrant?

A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Sodium hydroxide
C. Sulfuric acid
D. Water

A

B. Sodium hydroxide

34
Q

A 0.1 g sample of a sodium carbonate was dissolved in 50 mL of 0.1 N HCl and boiled to eliminate CO2. Back-titration of the excess HCl required 24 mL of 0.09 N NaOH.Identify what type of analysis is employed.

A. Direct Acidimetry
B. Direct Alkalimetry
C. Residual Acidimetry
D. Residual Alkalimetry

A

C. Residual Acidimetry

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