Genital tract fistula Flashcards
1
Q
Definition
A
Abnormal opening that forms between two organs or tissues in the reproductive tract.
Typically between the vagina and another nearby structure, such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus.
2
Q
Aetiology
A
- Obstetric fistula (MC): They occur when prolonged labour or difficult childbirth causes a tear between the vagina and bladder or rectum
- Surgical complications: After gynaecological surgeries e.g. hysterectomy or c-section. In some cases the surgeon may accidentally damage the bladder or rectum during the procedure
- IBD: Can cause inflammation and ulcers in the intestines, which can lead to fistula formation between rectum and vagina
- Radiation therapy
- Infections: e.g. TB can cause scarring and damage to the tissues of the reproductive system, leading to fistula formation
3
Q
Risk factors
A
Prolonged labour
Pelvic surgery
Radiation therapy
IBD
STI’s
FGM
4
Q
Symptoms
A
- Urine leakage
- Faecal leakage
- Vaginal discharge
- Recurrent urinary and vaginal infections
- Pain
5
Q
Diagnosis
A
- Pelvic exam
- Imaging tests e.g. CT, MRI
- Urodynamic studies
- Cystoscopy/sigmoidoscopy
6
Q
Management
A
- Referral to a specialist
- Conservative management: (mild symptoms)
= pelvic floor muscle training
= the use of absorbant pads - Surgical management
= flap-splitting method (vaginal)
= latzko procedure
= transperitoneal transvesical repair