Haloalkanes Flashcards
What are haloalkanes?
Saturated organic compounds that contain carbon atoms and at least one halogen atom.
Are halogenoalkanes soluble in water?
Insoluble as C-H bonds are non-polar, not compensated for enough by C-X bond polarity.
Do haloalkanes have have a polar bond? Why?
Yes as the halogen has a higher electronegativity than C.
What type of intermolecular forces do haloalkanes have? Why?
Permanent dipole-dipole and London forces of attraction.
C-X bond polarity creates permanent dipoles
When would they have higher boiling points?
Increase carbon chain length
Halogen further down group 7
How would the mass of a haloalkane compare with the mass of an alkane of the same chain length?
Greater as mass of halogen > mass of H
What is the most important factor in determining halogen reactivity?
The strength of the carbon halogen bond.
What would bond polarity suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-F would be most reactive as it is the most polar bond.
What would bond enthalpies suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-I would be most reactive as lowest bond enthalpy.
What is a primary halogen?
The halogen atom present at the end of the chain.
Define nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Give 3 examples of nucleophiles
:OH-
:CN-
:NH3
What is nucleophilic substitution?
A reaction where a nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to δ+ C atom, δ- atom leaves the molecule (replaced by the nucleophile)
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction where water is a reactant
What reactant often produces hydroxide ions for hydrolysis?
Water
