cold war main bit 48-60

Question 1

Effects of chinas 1948 turn to communism

Answer 1

• the usa became very confident and threatened by their domino effect theory
• In 1950 the us realised contaiment hadnt worked and they decided on a ‘roll back’ idea that would be trying to turn areas back to capitalism

Question 2

cause of korean war

Answer 2

• korea post ww2 had been divded at the 38th paralel
• the ussr had the north and the usa the south
• in june 1950 the ussr backed north invaded the south over the 38th parralel

Question 3

two korean leaders

Answer 3

north- kim II sung
south- syngman rhee

Question 4

the 1950 events in korea post june

Answer 4

• in june the north communists push way south to a small area called pusan
• in july the usa sends troops south and appeals to the un who send troops (they had been angered by the ussr boycotting)
• un forces overpower the north and push them over the 38th parralel and into the chinese border by october
• communist china is displeased having the us so close and so send troops which push the un and the south back over the 38th parralel
• macarthur calls for atomic bombs, is rejected and is sacked by truman

Question 5

july 1951 events korea

Answer 5

un sends in more troops which push the north to the 38th border, resulting in a stalemate

Question 6

november 1952 events (America)

Answer 6

eisenhower is elected president after truman and promises to go to korea and find an end to the war

Question 7

july 1953 events

Answer 7

eisesnhower signs a peace armistice on the 38th parralel and korea becomes a divded state as it is today

Question 8

impact of the korean war

Answer 8

• was the first time the 2 superpowers had engaged in a proxy war which would happen again frequently mostly in vietnam (when they act in behalf of a group in a third country)
• gener macarthur was sacked by truman after his call for an atomic war and his idea of a heavy ‘roll back’ died with his career, but the fact that the south remianed under us control was a success and proof of containment
• us soldiers remianed stationed in korea and upset the communist chinese, rising tensions

Question 9

timeline of US presidents

Answer 9

45 FDR
45-53- Truman
53-61- Eisenhower
61-63- JFK
63-68- Lyndon b Johnson
69-74- Nixon

Question 10

nuclear deterrece

Answer 10

if you had a great nuclear arsenal it would deter other powers from attacking you over threat of mass destruction and make them more likely to seek peace or surrender

Question 11

MAD (mutually assured destruction)

Answer 11

If a nuclear war took place it would likely result in the absolute end of the world, something little people wanted meaning nuclear weapons are near impossible to use

Question 12

Eisenhowers opinions on the nuclear arsenal

Answer 12

he felt the military industrial conplex (the defense eg atomic weapons backing the miliartary) had too much power and as a solider he could resist it but a new president might spend all money on fudning the nuclear weapons

Question 13

1945 event for arms race

Answer 13

first atomic weapon is used on hiroshima and nagasaki, making the usa in a monoloply of atomic weapons

Question 14

1949 event for arms race

Answer 14

the USSR successfully make their own nuclear weapon- both sides pose an equal threat

Question 15

1952-53 evets for the arms race

Answer 15

first the usa then the ussr create the h bomb

Question 16

1955 and 57 event for the arms race

Answer 16

55- the usa states anyone attacking them or their allies will face a great force of atomic war
57- in launching its satilite sputnik the ussr create a rocket that can carry a nuclear weapon over a long distance

Question 17

1960s events for the arms race

Answer 17

62- cuban missile crisis
68- the ussr create tech to shoot down inbout missiles and the usa create MIRV which can hit multiple targets with one bomb

Question 18

years of the space race

Answer 18

1957-69

Question 19

1950s evets for the space race

Answer 19

57- the USSR launch sputnik which is the first satilite as well as a dog later that year
59- the USA launches luna which orbits the sun and pioneer which flies past the moon, the USSR launches their own Luna which also does a fly past of the moon

Question 20

1960s events for the space race

Answer 20

60- usa launches discovery which has a spy camera
61- USSR puts uri gagari in space and the usa follows with alan shepard, JFK promises a man on the moon by end of decade
69- appollo 11 has buzz alrdin and niel armstrong reach the moon

Question 21

order of USSR leaders

Answer 21

1929-53- joseph stalin
1953-64- kruschev
64-82- Brezhnev

Question 22

Date and reason nato was formed

Answer 22

1949 post berlin blockade out of fear of the USSRs rising agression

Question 23

aim of NATO

Answer 23

to stop the ussr attacking any us backed countries under the idea that if one was attacked the militia of all allies would fight back causing a far greater war and threat

Question 24

members of nato

Answer 24

initial members incl USA, UK, canada, italy, iceland, france
in 1955 west germany joined

Question 25

reason and date for formation of warsaw pact

Answer 25

formed in 1955 it was after the west germnay had decided to join nato

Question 26

aim of warsaw pact

Answer 26

to make sure the US or their allies did not attack ussr backed area under the threat that all of their allies would become ivnolved

Question 27

members of warsaw pact

Answer 27

ussr, czech, poland, east germany, albania, bulgaria

Question 28

Reception of stalin post 1953 death

Answer 28

• investigations and anger over his violations of human rights
• prisojners freed from gulags
• in a 1956 speech krushcev denounced stalin for his crimes and brutality and proposed destalinisation

Question 29

destalinisation

Answer 29

proposed by kruschev in 1956, it aimed to make the eastern bloc less opressed by the ussr

Question 30

limits to destalinisation

Answer 30

no one could denounce communism or exit the warsaw pact

Question 31

causes of the hungarian uprising 1956

Answer 31

• the hungarian leader Rakoshi had been in power since 1947 and was a ussr controlled hard communist
  -his secret police arrested ayoe enteratining western culture such as music and anyone who tried to oppose the leaders views
• the ussr had thousads of troops in hungary who took up huge amounts of reszources and meant famine and poverty
• the russia lnaguage was being taught everywhere and hungarias were losing their culture

Question 32

1956 uprising events

Answer 32

the people began to mass protest and krushcev agreed to replace rokosi with gero who was equally ussr controlled
the protest cotinued and krushchev agreed to change the goverment to be lead by popular liberal Nagy

Question 33

Nagys ideas

Answer 33

• free eelctions and a democracy
• fair trialls and no USSR bias
• no more troops in hunagry
• priavte ownership for farmers (NOT COMMUNIST)
• hungary to become neutral in the cold war and to exxit the warasaw pact

Question 34

solviet response to nagys ideas

Answer 34

• kruschev could not have a spae in the USSRs defensive buffer if hungary left the warsaw pact as USSR security was the main priortiy
• He realised he had to crack down on the radical hungarian ideas
• the ussr very suddenly sent in thousnads of tanks and militia to the portesters completely squashing them
• Nagy was arrested and excecuted and replaced with Kadar

Question 35

list of hungarian leaders in 56

Answer 35

Rakoshi
Gero
Nagy
Kadar

Question 36

Natos response to the hungarian uprising

Answer 36

they had sympathy but they did not attempt to inervene, their roll back plan was not reader to act in the USSRs sphere of influence ad it would risk involving nato and the warsaw pact

Question 37

relationships in the late 1950s

Answer 37

• both kruschev and eisenhower despite ideological differences were actually very peaceful in coexistece
• there was intense pressure from the us military into more funding for nuclear weapons after sputnik, they feared there was a missile gap and the usa needed to rewin the arms race
• the usa wanted to spy to see the progress and eienhower agreed as he wanted to disprove that there was a missile gap between the two nations
• in 59 the two met in a summit and agreed to meet again in paris the following year

Question 38

agenda of the paris summit

Answer 38

• Nuclear weapons and a test ban treaty which meant that less of the world would be made into radiactive areas
• berlin; the ussr was angry at the amount of east berliners moving west- brain drain
  -cuba; after the recent uprising the usa feared having a communist country next door

Question 39

missile gap

Answer 39

the idea that the ussr had overtaken the usa in the arms race

Question 40

the u2 incident explained

Answer 40

in may 1960, 13 days before the paris summit, the ussr shot down a us plane piloted by gary powers
the us claimed that it was a weather plane but the ussr had found spy footage and knew it was a spy plane

Question 41

consequences of the u2 incident

Answer 41

• the paris summit crumbled, kruchev did not get an apology out of eisenhower so stormed out
• berlin and cuba remained large sources of tension in the following years
• there had been no test ba treaty so nuclear weapons were still a great threat
• the usa had been embarrassed as clear liars and had lost their moral high ground
• relationships became even more stunted