Indian wars

Question 1

Railroads

Answer 1

often clashed with plains Indians
encouraged settling of the plains
expanded through native american lands, even violating treaties

Question 2

railroad buffalo

Answer 2

encouraged hunting of the buffalo, to feed railway construction gangs and make money by transporting hunters

Question 3

Ranchers

Answer 3

clashed with the plains indians when their cattle drives went through Indian territory
Lead to Indian attacks on ranchers and the cattle drives

Question 4

Plains Indians unhappy with the reservation policy

Answer 4

Life on reservations varied
Navajos achieved piece and prosperity
Other tribes moved off their homeland and onto unfamiliar territory.
They were encouraged to farm land, which went against their culture and nomadic lifestyle

Question 5

Little Crow’s war

Answer 5

Minnesota-1862
Little Crow was the chief of Santee Sioux, also known as the Dakota.
They were peaceful people but nearly starved because of a civil war, which lead to a delay in their payment from the government.

Question 6

What caused the Little Crow’s War

Answer 6

In August 1862, after a unsuccessful hunt, they were starving and had no other choice to retaliate. In the end, hundreds of settlers and 100 settlers were killed, and the town of New Ulm was burned.
The Dakota was defeated at Wood Lake in September. 38 prisoners were hanged and most of the Dakota were expelled from what was left of their land.

Question 7

Red Cloud’s war and the Bozeman trail

Answer 7

Bozeman trail was established to link the gold fields in Montana to the Oregon trail.
However, the trail passed through hunting grounds of the Sioux, which had been guaranteed to them by the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851.

Question 8

How did the Red cloud war start

Answer 8

Because the Americans broke the treaty, the Sioux plotted a attack, and created the Fetterman’s trap, which was a ambush and a major defeat for the Americans, where Fetterman and 80 of his men were killed.

Question 9

Consequences of the Red cloud war

Answer 9

Meant that there was another Fort Laramie treaty in 1868, which created a large Sioux reservation and made the government promise not to build their forts on the Bozeman trail.

Question 10

Differences between Northern and Southern states

Answer 10

Disagreed about slavery.
South used slave labour to grow cotton on plantations, whereas the North had abolished slavery
Both disagreed about new territories being free states or slave states
South feared that more slave states meant more power for the North, and abolish slave states.

Question 11

What did the differences between the Northern and Southern states lead to

Answer 11

Due to the amount of states, the Southern states seceded in 1860 to form a new country-the Confederate States of America

Question 12

The Homestead Act (1862)

Answer 12

gave each settler 160 acres of free land, if they farmed for 5 years. This opened 2.5 million acres for settlement and was open to everyone, including immigrants free slaves and single women. Between 1862 and 1900 it has been estimated that 600,000 people claimed land under the act.
It took 5 years to claim land to discourage speculators.

Question 13

Importance of The Homestead Act

Answer 13

Opened up land ownership to ordinary people. Although there were problems, it helped to establish settlement on the plains.

Question 14

The specific railroad act (1862)

Answer 14

To build a railway from East to West. They believed that it would make migration into settled land easier and would create national unity by connecting the West and East together.
It was the first transcontinental railroad, and work was completed in 1869. It encouraged further settlement into the west.

Question 15

Benefits of the Railroad Act

Answer 15

Economic development was made easier because the markets between the West and East could now be linked.
People and supplies could be transported much more easily.

Question 16

Why did people move to the plains

Answer 16

Migrants from Eastern states moved because of the growing population and high land prices.
Immigrants to escape poverty and religious and political persecution.
Slaves who wanted a new start.

Question 17

Different types of technology that helped life on the plains

Answer 17

John Deere developed a stronger steel plough in the 1830’s which could breal through tough soil. It was then improved by James Oliver who invented a lower cost iron plough called the sodbuster in 1868.

Windpumps increased the supply of water by pumping underground water to the surface.

The introduction of barbed wire in 1874 meant that farmers could cheaply fence of their land to keep animals off their land.

Question 18

How did settlers adapt to everyday life on the plains

Answer 18

At first there was a lack of wood so people had to make houses out of sod, which was infected with insects.

Question 19

Texas Longhorn

Answer 19

Inbreeding between Mexican cattle and cattle.
Grew massively during the civil war.
Charles Goodnight left behind 180 cattle, but returned with 5000.

Question 20

Cattle trails

Answer 20

Between 1200-1500 miles.
Shawnee trail-Early Cattle drives take this to go east by rail to Chicago.
Goodnight-loving trail- Trail for cattle from texas to Wyoming. Allowed them to sell their beef to the US government to feed Indians on their reservations.

Question 21

Cowboys

Answer 21

Drove cattles on trails, in all conditions, such as in storms and floods.
They suffered from boredom and discomfort
Tend to be small and light weight for the cattle.
Carried a six shooter for self-defense.