EXAM 3 CHAPTER 17 Flashcards
What are the physical defenses of innate immunity
Physical barriers, mechanical defenses, microbiome
What are the chemical defenses of innate immunity?
Chemicals / enzymes in body fluids, antimicrobial peptides, plasma protein mediators, cytokines, inflammation-eliciting mediators
What are the cellular defenses of innate immunity?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
How are the micriobiota a component of physical defenses?
They occupy cellular binding sites and compete for available nutrients. They prevent the critical early steps for pathogens attachment and proliferation
What are the 4 outcomes of complement activation?
Opsonization, inflammation, chemotaxis, cytolysis
How does complement protect against infection?
Connects innate and adaptive immunity
How do monocytes function in innate immunity?
They become macrophages when they enter tissue. They are innate phagocytic cells they also stimulate and get help from adaptive immune cells
How do macrophages function in innate immunity?
They provide immune protection for the tissue where they reside but also support normal function of neighboring tissues
What are the function of neutrophils in innate immunity?
First line of defense. Eliminate and destruction of extracellular bacteria
What are the functions of eosinophils in innate immunity?
Protect against protozoa and helminths. Also play a role in allergic reactions
What are the functions of basophils in innate immunity?
Important in allergic reaction and other responses that involve inflammation. Most abundant is histamine
Explain how monocytes and macrophages are different?
Macrophages are monocytes that have migrated from the bloodstream into any tissue in the body where as monocytes are in blood.
How do chemokines direct immune response in tissues?
They control the release of innate immune cells from the bone marrow during homeostasis as well as response to infection and inflammation
What is a pyrogen?
A fever producing substance
What is the difference between exogenous and endogenous pyrogens?
Exogenous originate outside the body and are capable of inducing interleukins. Endogenous originate inside the body and are capable of inducing fever by acting on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, prostoglandin E2.
