UNIT 4 - AC2.1 - Explain forms of Social Control.

Question 1

What is social control?

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Answer 1

It is the process of persuading or forcing people to conform to societal norms and expectations. Maintaining Public Order.

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Question 2

What are each of the sections for Internal Social Control?

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Answer 2

1. Norms & Values.
2. Moral Conscience.
3. Culture & Tradition.
4. Internalisation of Social Rules & Morality.
5. Rational Ideology.

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Question 3

What are Norms and Values?

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Answer 3

They are forms of typical behaviour in which people follow and respect. They are standards which are believed and should be followed.

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Question 4

What is moral conscience?

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Answer 4

It is the belief of what is right and wrong within society. It’s about making decisions based on your morals. Moral compass idea.

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Question 5

What Theory and Theorist helps to explain moral conscience?

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Answer 5

Sigmund Freud and his Psychodynamic Theory.

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Question 6

What is the ‘Id’ and how does it work? What principle?

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Answer 6

The Id is fully unconcious and works off the pleasure-pain principle in which it needs immediate gratification.

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Question 7

What is the ‘Ego’ and how does it work? What principle?

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Answer 7

The Ego is partially concious and works off the reality principle in which it weighs up the costs vs the benefits acting to balance the Id’s impuleses and the superego’s compromise.

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Question 8

What is the ‘Superego’ and how does it work? What principle?

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Answer 8

The superego is mostly unconcious and is based off the morality principle. It uses the idea of guilt to make you consider the consequences of crime.

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Question 9

What types of crimes develop the Superego?

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Answer 9

Mostly violent crimes.

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Question 10

How does the psychodynamic thory explain criminality?

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Answer 10

The Id leads to impuleses and the superego leads to outbursts. A weak superego leads to criminality but a deviant superego can lead to the creation of norms and values.

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Question 11

What does socialisation mean? What are the 2 types?

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Answer 11

Socialisation is a proccess in which individuals learn norms and values in society.
* Primary Socialisation: from families/ friends.
* Secondary Socialisation: from external organisations such as schools colleges or media.

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Question 12

How do customs and traditions help form norms & values?

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Answer 12

Generational events such as birthdays or christmas are repeated every year, these are accepted and become well known/ learnt. They are seen as the norms. Also parents bringing you up a certain way lets you know what is acceptable behaviour.

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Question 13

What does ‘internalise social rules’ mean?

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Answer 13

How we accept society’s norms and values and use them to dictate our decisions. It becomes part of our conscience.

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Question 14

What is a Rational Choice/ Ideology?

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Answer 14

It involves weighing up the costs vs benefits of a crime through our conscience and deciding whether or not it is worth committing.

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Question 15

What are each of the sections for External Social Control?

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Answer 15

1. Santions (+ve and -ve).
2. Coercion.
3. Fear of Punishment.
4. Hirschi & Control Theory.
5. Walter Reckless - Containment.

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Question 16

What is a positive santion? Give an example.

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Answer 16

A reward which is given for conforming to the norms.
* Example: Token Economy and IEP Schemes (extra phone calls home).

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Question 17

What is a negative sanction? Give an example.

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Answer 17

A punishment which is given for violating the norms.
* Example: Getting sent to solitary confinement or getting priviledges removed.

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Question 18

What is ‘coercion’?

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Answer 18

Either physical or psychological threat of force to make someone do something.

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Question 19

How does coercion prevent high recidivism rates?

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Answer 19

It works by making individuals weigh up the costs vs benefits and makes them fear punishment.

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Question 20

What is the ‘fear of punishment’?

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Answer 20

It is a form of coercion in which a form of threat/ force will be used againt you if you dont obey the law.

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Question 21

What is Deterrance? What are the 2 types?

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Answer 21

Deterrance is a strategy to try and make someone not commit a crime.
* Individual Deterrance works to stop a specific individual from reoffending.
* General Deterrance works by making other see people getting punished and them not wanting to face the same.

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Question 22

What are the 4 elements of Hirschi’s control theory?

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Answer 22

1. Attachment.
2. Committment.
3. Involvement.
4. Beliefs.

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Question 23

What does the ‘Attachment’ element of Hirschi’s Theory mean?

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Answer 23

The more attached we are to someone, the more we care about the way they think/ their opinions.

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Question 24

What does the ‘Committment’ element of Hirschi’s Theory mean?

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Answer 24

We conform more to something which we are committed to. Leads to success.

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Question 25

What does the ‘Involvement’ element of Hirschi’s Theory mean?

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Answer 25

The more we are involved in legal activities, the less time we spend committing criminal ones.

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Question 26

What does the ‘Beliefs’ element of Hirschi’s Theory mean?

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Answer 26

If we believe its right to obey the law, the less likely we are to breaking it.

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Question 27

How do parents play a vital role in the socialisation of children? Link to Riley and Shaw and delinquency.

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Answer 27

Parents should:
* Involve themsleves in their lives and spend time with them.
* Take an interest in what they do and how they spend their time.
* Show strong dissaproval of criminal behaviour.

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Question 28

How does Walter Reckless explain criminal tendencies and containment?

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Answer 28

He uses the idea of Inner and outer containment to explain the importance of parenting and socialisation. Use of Boundary Maintenance.

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Question 29

What is inner containment?

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Answer 29

This is the moral and religious beliefs which help to build self-control and help to resist the temptation to offend.

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Question 30

What is outer containment?

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Answer 30

This uses parental and educational discipline strategies to help infleunce individuals to some degree to stop crime.

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