Wartime Government And Organisation Flashcards
In July 1914 what had the tsarist government set up?
‘Military zones’ within which all civilian authority was suspended and military assumed command
Why did the liberal zemstva oppose the military zones
Regarded the government as insensitive to the needs of the people and believed that civilians had a major part to play in running the war
Example- governments decision decision to prohibit the sale of alcohol at the need of 1914 was?
Both resented and evaded
The zemstva established ‘ a union of zemstva’ to?
Provide the medical facilities which the state seemed to neglect
Another initiative came from factory owners and businessmen who established ?
A congress of representatives of industry and business (inc representatives from the duma and of workers) to help coordinate production
In June 1915 existing zemstva and municipal dumas joined together to form
The all Russian union of zemstva and cities known as Zemgor
- chaired by Prince Lviv = claimed the right to help the tsars government in the war effort but it was never allowed any direct influence = soon like state duma turned into a liberal focus for discontent
Rather than working with the organisations that tried to help the war effort, Nicholas blamed it for?
Stirring up trouble
In august 1915, some of the deputies (Kadets,octoberists and progressives) from the fourth duma, many of them also involved in congress of representatives of industry and business, organised themselves into the ?and what did they demand?
‘Progressive bloc’ demanded tsar change his ministers and establish a ‘government of Public confidence ‘
What were progressive bloc effectively asking for?
A constitutional monarchy in which they would have a dominant voice
Had Nicholas II been a more astute man, what would have seized the request of progressive block to?
Seized the chance to institute political reform and transfer responsibility for the war effort to civilian government
- Nicholas was not prepared to contemplate such a move
In September what did Nicholas do?
He suspended the sittings of the duma and it remained officially closed until January 1917 although unauthorised meetings continued
In September 1915 what disastrous decision did Nicholas II make(as a result of defeats in Galicia)
Took on the role of commander-in-chief of the Russian army and navy
Travel to the front line
Nicholas already lost the confidence and support of the Russian general staff. Him being chief commander problematic as
He did not posses the military experience to turn the war effort around
- new position made him more responsibility
