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MSK basics > shoulder 1 - anatomy > Flashcards

shoulder 1 - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

shoulder ROM - flexion

A

150 - 180

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2
Q

shoulder ROM - extension

A

50 -60

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3
Q

shoulder ROM - abd

A

150 -180

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4
Q

shoulder ROM - ER

A

90

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5
Q

shoulder ROM - IR

A

50 -60

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6
Q

how does the humeral head sit

A

superior

medial

posteriorly

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7
Q

what is a the shape of the glenoid

A

projects laterally and anteriorly

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8
Q

SITS of the humeral - what do they do together

A

they all act to compress the humeral head into the center of the humeral head

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9
Q

the superior facet of the humeral - what is muscle

A

supraspinatus

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10
Q

what does the supraspinatus help with for the humerous and the glenoid

A

abd, IR

15 - 30

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11
Q

what is on the middle facet

A

infraspinatus

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12
Q

what is on the inferior facet

A

teres minor

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13
Q

what is on the lessar tubercle

A

the subscapularis

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14
Q

what are the glenohumeral ligaments

A

composed of a superior, middle and inferior ligament

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15
Q

what does the superior glenohumeral lig resist

A

inf

ant/pot translation

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16
Q

what does the middle glenohumeral lig resist

A

ant translation and ER

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17
Q

what makes up the inferior glenoidhumeral ligament

A

anterior band

posterior band

axillary pouch

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18
Q

what movements does the inferior glenoidhumeral ligament resist

A

inf and ant/post translations

anterior band - ER

posterior band - IR

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19
Q

the acromional clavicular joint - what movement do we see here

A

axial rotation of the clavical

this can help to adjust the angulation between the scapula and the clavicle

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20
Q

what movement do we see at the sterno-clavicular joint

A

protraction and retract

elevation and depression

axial rot

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21
Q

what is the function of the scapula

A

glenoid - serves as a platform for the humeral head

site of muscle attachment - 17

serves to transfer force from the trunk to the UE

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22
Q

what is the normal resting position of the scapula

A

medial border is almost verticle

abd 6 cm from the spine

tilted anteriorly approximatly 20-deg

5-10 of upward rot

35 IR

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23
Q

what does the resting position of the scapula create

A

the resting plane

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24
Q

what is scapular humeral rhythm

A

it is the total elvation of the arm

60- scapular thoracic joint

120 - at the gleniod humeral joint

2:1 ratio at teh shoulder

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25
Q

what is the path of the scapular humeral rhythm

A

first 60 GH dominant

next 60 GH and SC

last 60 scapular upward rotation

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26
Q

what is the ROM for isolated GH rhythm - flexion

A

120

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27
Q

what is the ROM for isolated GH rhythm - abd

A

120

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28
Q

what is the ROM for isolated GH rhythm - IR

A

65

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29
Q

what is the ROM for isolated GH rhythm - ER

A

90

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30
Q

what happens at the humerus with IR and ER rot

A

it spins ant and post

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31
Q

what are the normal artho if the GH joint

A

convex moving on concave

combine rot and translation to keep the humerous centered on the glenoid

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32
Q

what do we scarfice in the GH joint

A

stablility for mobility

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33
Q

how help to provide more stability at the GH joint

A

the labrum

art cart

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34
Q

artho of - flexion

A

ant superior roll

posteior inf glide

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35
Q

arthro of - ext

A

posterior inf roll

ant sup glide

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36
Q

arthro of - abd

A

sup roll

inf glide

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37
Q

arthro of - add

A

inf roll

sup glide

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38
Q

arthro of - ER

A

posterior roll

anterior glide

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39
Q

arthro of - IR

A

anterior roll

posterior glide

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40
Q

artho of - horizontal abd

A

posterio lateral roll

ant-med glide

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41
Q

arthro of - horizontal add

A

ant-med roll

post-lat glide

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42
Q

what is GH motion controlled by

A

active and passive restraits

and their interaction

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43
Q

what are the passive restraits of the GH joint

A

bony geo

labrum

capsuloligamentous structures

negative intra articular pressure - the capsule is a close envrioment

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44
Q

what is the labrum

A

a fibrocartilgounous ring that arrises from the glenoid

it deepend the joint socket

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45
Q

what is the primary attachment site for the GH lig

A

the labrum

46
Q

what tendon goes into the labrum

A

the long head of the biceps

47
Q

where does the coracohumeral ligament run

A

from the coracoid to the head of the humerous

48
Q

what is the transverse ligament in the shoulder region

A

around the long head of the biceps tendon

49
Q

when is the coracohumeral ligament taut

A

abd and inferior translation of the humeral head

50
Q

restraints to ER - 0 abd

A

CH lig

SGHL

subscapularis

51
Q

restraints to ER - 45 abd

A

MGHL

52
Q

restraints to ER - 90 abd

A

anterior band of the IGHL

53
Q

when is the subscap an effect restraint to ER

A

when the arm is at its side

it is not effective when the arm is in 90-deg of abd

54
Q

restraints to IR - 0 abd

A

posterior band of the IGHL

55
Q

restraints to IR - 45 abd

A

ant and posterior band of the IGHL

56
Q

restraints to IR - 90 abd

A

ant and posterior band of the IGHL

57
Q

restraints to inf translation - 0 abd

A

SGHL

CH-L

58
Q

restraints to inf translation - 90 abd

A

IGHL

59
Q

is there a lot of movement seen at the AC joint

A

no

60
Q

what two muscles cover theAC joint

A

deltoid

upper trap

61
Q

what are the coracoclavicular lig

A

conoid (meidal)

trapezoid (lateral)

this is the primary support of the AC joint

62
Q

what movements are seen at the AC joint

A

axial rotation (spin)

adjusts the angulation between the scapula and the clavicle

63
Q

what kind of joint is the SC joint

A

sellar

64
Q

what is connecting with the SC joint

A

clavicle
and
the manubrium of the sternum

65
Q

what movement do we see at the SC joint

A

protraction and retraction

elevation and depression

axial rot

66
Q

what do we expect to see on the dominant hand side of the scapula

A

depressed

downwardly rotated

anteriorly tilted

67
Q

what makes the borders of the subacromion space

A

coracoarcomional lig

acromion

humerus and its ligaments

68
Q

what are the structures that we find in the subacromional space

A

long head of the biceps

superior capsule

supraspinatus tendon

upper margins of infraspinatus and subscapularis muscle

subacromial bursa

inf surface of the AC joint

69
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the subacriomal space

A

the structures in this area can be impinged with UE movement

70
Q

what does the elvation of the arm require

A

ER of the humerus to clear the greater tubercle

upward rot of the scapula to elevate the lateral end of the acromion

71
Q

what happens if there is a primary impingement of the SA-space

A

structure stenosis of the SA-space

structural narrowing

72
Q

what does primary impingement mean

A

process in which pain in the shoulder is caused mechinical rubbing of the RC tendons by surrounding structures

73
Q

what happens if there is a secondary impingement of the SA-space

A

functional stenosis of the SA-space due to irregular arthro

74
Q

what are the active restraits of the shoulder region - prime movers

A

deltoid

pect major

lats

teres major

biceps

coracobrachialis

triceps

75
Q

what are the four muscle of the RC

A

subscapularis

supraspinatus

infraspinatus
teres minor

76
Q

what is the primary function of the RC muscle

A

keep the humeral head in contact with the glenoid

77
Q

what is the function of the subscapularis

A

internal rotator

depresses the Humeral head

78
Q

what is the function of the supraspinatus

A

abd - first 30-deg
(works with the deltoid)

ER

superior compressor

79
Q

infra spinatus and teres minor function

A

ER

posterior compressor

80
Q

what is the nerve that innervates - subscapularis

A

suprascapular nerve

81
Q

what is the nerve that innervates - supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

82
Q

what is the nerve that innervates - infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

83
Q

what is the nerve that innervates - teres minor

A

axillary nerve

84
Q

when does the axillary pouch or the IGHL engadge

A

90-deg

85
Q

what nerve wraps around the neck of the humerous

A

the axillary nerve

86
Q

rotator cuff interval location

A

area between the supraspinatus and subscapularis and the base of the coracoid

87
Q

what is the rotator interval

A

an area in the shoulder that the RC fails to cover

one of the most common areas for dislocation - 90, 90

88
Q

what help to reinforce the RI

A

the long head of the biceps and the coracohumeral ligament

89
Q

what other area is not covered by the RC

A

inferiorly

90
Q

what muscle assists the deltoid with abd

A

the supraspinatus

91
Q

what are the three muscles that depress the humeral head

A

subscapualris

teres minor

infraspinatus

(done during arm elevation)

92
Q

what is the transverse plane force couple

A

supcapularis and infraspinatus/teres minor

93
Q

what does the transverse plane force couple do

A

they pull the humerus into the glenoid

94
Q

what is the frontal plane force couple

A

deltoid

and

inf RC (sub, infra, teres)

95
Q

what does the frontal plane force couple do

A

the deltoid raises the arm - pulls the humerus up

the inf RC counteracts the action of the deltoid - inf compressor

96
Q

what does a distruption of the transverse plane force couple result in

A

ant or post mirgaration of the umeral head

due to
- weakness
- paralysis
- tear

97
Q

what does a distruption of the frontal plane force couple result in

A

superior migration of the humeral head

98
Q

is the supra in torn are the force couple okay

A

yes - normal strength and function possible

the essential force couple remain

the larger the tear the greater the dysfunction

99
Q

posterior cuff tear - force couple distribution

A

weakness with ER

and little active elevation as possible

100
Q

subscap tear - force couples distribution

A

weakness with IR

little active UE elevation

101
Q

long head of the biceps - general effects on the RC

A

increase torsional rigity to ER - resistant to the twisting force

102
Q

long head of the biceps and a slap lesion

A

this decrease the ability of the tendon to act as a supressor

103
Q

what is a slap lesion

A

a superior labral lesion running A-P

104
Q

what muscles play a role in scapulo-thoracic movement

A

traps - all

rhomoid

serratus anterior

levator scapule

pect minor

subclavius

105
Q

action of rhomoid major and minor

A

Scapular retraction and downward rotation; fix scapula to thoracic wall

106
Q

Levator Scapulae function

A

Scapular elevation and downward rotation

107
Q

lats action

A

raises the body toward the arms when climbing

shoulder ext, add, IR

108
Q

upper traps function

A

scap elevation

109
Q

middle traps function

A

scap retraction

110
Q

lower traps function

A

scap depression

111
Q

serratus anterior function

A

responsible for the anterolateral motion of the scapula, which allows for arm elevation

112
Q

force couple at the ST joint

A

serratus ant - inferior angle of the scap ant-laterally

upper traps - pull the scap mediallu

middle and lower traps - stablize during upward rotation

MSK basics (20 decks)

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