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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture > Microbial Growth Control > Flashcards

Microbial Growth Control Flashcards

1
Q

The destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores. Usually used only on inanimate objects

A

Disinfection

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2
Q

The complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms. Used on inanimate objects

A

Sterilization

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3
Q

Chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

A

Antisepsis

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4
Q

Chemicals used internally to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms within host tissues

A

Chemotherapy

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5
Q

The killing or removal of all viable organisms within a growth medium

A

Sterilization

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6
Q

Effectively limiting microbial growth

A

Inhibition

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7
Q

The treatment of an object to make it safe to handle

A

Decontamination

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8
Q

Directly targets the removal of all pathogens, not necessarily all microorganisms

A

Disinfection

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9
Q

is the most widely used method of
controlling microbial growth

A

Heat sterilization

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10
Q

High temperatures ________________ macromolecules

A

denature

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11
Q

Amount of time required to reduce viability tenfold is called the

A

decimal reduction time

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12
Q

Some bacteria produce resistant cells called

A

endospores

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13
Q

Can survive heat that would rapidly kill vegetative cells

A

endospores

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14
Q

is a sealed device that uses steam
under pressure

A

autoclave

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15
Q

Allows temperature of water to get above 100ºC

A

autoclave

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16
Q

It’s not the pressure, but the ________________, that kills
the microbes

A

high temperature

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17
Q

is the process of using precisely
controlled heat to reduce the microbial load in heat-sensitive liquids

A

Pasteurization

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18
Q

can reduce microbial growth

A

Microwaves, UV, X-rays, gamma rays, and electrons

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19
Q

has sufficient energy to cause modifications
and breaks in DNA

A

UV

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20
Q

is useful for decontaminating surfaces

A

UV

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21
Q

Cannot penetrate solid, opaque, or light-absorbing surfaces

A

UV

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22
Q

Electromagnetic radiation that produces ions and other reactive molecules

A

Ionizing radiation

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23
Q

Generates electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and hydride radicals

A

Ionizing radiation

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24
Q

Amount of energy required to reduce viability tenfold is

A

analogous to D value

25
Q

Sources of radiation include

A

cathode ray tubes, X-rays, and radioactive nuclides

26
Q

is used for sterilization in the medical
field and food industry

A

Radiation

27
Q

is approved by the WHO and is used in the USA for decontaminating foods particularly susceptible to microbial contamination

A

Radiation

28
Q

avoids the use of heat on sensitive liquids and gases

A

Filtration

29
Q

are too small for organisms to pass through

A

Pores of filter

30
Q

allow liquid or gas to pass through

A

Pores

31
Q

HEPA filters

A

Depth filters

32
Q

HEPA filters meaning

A

high-efficiency particulate absorbing filter

33
Q

Function more like a sieve

A

Membrane filters

34
Q

Filtration can be accomplished by

A

syringe, pump, or vacuum

35
Q

A type of membrane filter is the

A

nucleation track (nucleopore) filter

36
Q

Antimicrobial agents can be classified as

A

bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, and bacteriolytic

37
Q

is the smallest amount of an agent needed to inhibit growth of a microorganism

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

38
Q

Antimicrobial agent added to filter paper disc

A

Disc diffusion assay

39
Q

uses solid media

A

Disc diffusion assay

40
Q

Area of no growth around disc

A

Zone of inhibition

41
Q

These antimicrobial agents can be divided into two categories

A

Products used to control microorganisms in commercial and industrial applications

42
Q

Products designed to prevent growth of human pathogens in inanimate environments and on external body surfaces

A

Sterilants, disinfectants, sanitizers, and antiseptics

43
Q

larger populations take longer to kill than smaller populations

A

Population size

44
Q

microorganisms differ markedly in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents

A

Population composition

45
Q

usually higher concentrations or intensities kill more rapidly

A

Concentration or intensity of an antimicrobial agent

46
Q

relationship is not linear

A

Concentration or intensity of an antimicrobial agent

47
Q

longer exposure —>

A

more organisms killed

48
Q

Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agent Activity

A
  • Concentration or intensity of an antimicrobial agent
  • Duration of exposure
  • Temperature
  • Local environment
49
Q

a closed-system microbial culture of
fixed volume

A

Batch culture

50
Q

Typical growth curve for population of cells grown in a closed system is characterized by four phases

A

Lag phase
Exponential phase
Stationary phase
Death phase

51
Q

Interval between inoculation of a culture and beginning of growth

A

Lag phase

52
Q

Cells in this phase are typically in the healthiest state

A

Exponential phase

53
Q
  • Growth rate of population is zero
  • Either an essential nutrient is used up, or waste product of the organism accumulates in the medium
A

Stationary phase

54
Q

If incubation continues after cells reach stationary phase, the cells will eventually die

A

Death phase

55
Q

an open-system microbial culture of fixed volume

A

Continuous culture

56
Q

most common type of continuous culture device

A

Chemostat

57
Q

Both growth rate and population density of culture can be controlled __________________________ and ________________________

A

independently and simultaneously

58
Q

rate at which fresh medium is pumped in and spent medium is pumped out

A

Dilution rate

Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture (6 decks)

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