Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
what is structural formula?
the visual representation of how atoms are bonded together in a molecule.
what is displayed formula?
shows each atom and bond explicitly in a molecule’s structure.
what is skeletal formula?
simplistic representation of organic molecules by showing only the carbon skeleton.
in IUPAC nomenclature, priority is given based on what order?
functional group, longest carbon chain, substituents, locants
what is the priority of functional groups from highest to lowest?
carboxylic acids (-COOH)
acid derivatives (-COCl, -COOR, -CONH2)
aldehydes (-CHO)
ketones (-C(=O)-)
alcohols (-OH)
amines (-NH2)
alkenes (-C=C-)
alkynes (-C(triple bond)C-)
halogens (-F,-Cl,-Br,-I)
alkanes
what is structural isomerism?
molecules with the same molecular formula have different arrangements of atoms, resulting in different structures and properties.
what is stereoisomerism?
molecules that have the same structure but differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms, leading to different 3-D shapes and properties.
what is a chain isomer?
type of structural isomer, the carbon skeleton of the molecule differs in its arrangement.
what is a position isomer?
type of structural isomer, the functional group or substituents are attached to different positions on the main carbon chain. results in different properties.
what is a functional group isomer?
type of structural isomer, compound that has the same molecular formula but different in the functional group they contain, have different chemical properties.
what is E/Z isomerism? (geometric)
molecules which have restricted rotation around a double bond. groups are attached to the carbons of the double bond and can be arranged differently in space. if the highest priority groups are on opposite sides, its E (trans), if on the same its Z(cis).
