Lecture 31: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major endocrine gladns

A
  • Pituitary
    • Thyroid
    • Parathyroid
    • Pineal
      Adrenal gland
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2
Q

endo vs exo crine

A

Endocrine vs exocrine: endocrine produces hormones, used inside body. No duct, release directly into blood
Exocrine produces enzymes mostly. Have ducts

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3
Q

thymus fxn

A

maturation T cells. produces thymosin

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4
Q
A

1.parathyroid
2.pancreas
3.testes
4.thyroid
5.thymus
6. adrenal
7.ovaries

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5
Q
A

1.thalamus
2.pineal
3.HTh
4.pituitary

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6
Q

fxn HTh

A

regulates endocrine system. coordinates ANS

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7
Q

pineal gland fxn and location and blood supply

A

NOT paired
produces melatonin. changes tone skin, regulates circadian rhtym & sexual behaviour

attaches to posterior wall of third cerebral ventrcile

supply: posterior cerebral artery

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8
Q

where is pituitary gland and what is blood supply

A

below HTh. attached via infundibulum
on bony fossa “hypophyseal fossa”. sella turcica

supplied by arterial circle willis

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9
Q

explain two lobes of pituitary

A

posterior: extention HTh. connected via infundibulum. some neurons from SON and PVN of HTh send axons to join posterior pit. sends hormones (OT, ADH) produced by HTh for storage here.

anterior: real gland. receives secretions from PVN of HTh. releases stimulating hormones or inhibitory

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10
Q

what are the two main groups of nuclei in Hth

A

Supraoptic (SON) right above optic chiasm
Paraventricular (PVN) close to third ventricle

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11
Q

explain this image

A

Ant. pituitary
* Blood carried by superior pituitary artery, forms capillary network. Receives secretions from PVN (RH, IH) carries it to anterior pituitary
* Second capillary network (hypophyseal portal plexus)
* RH and IH exit at this network, target secreting cells of anterior pituitary
* In response, anterior pituitary releases stimulating hormones
○ TSH (targets thyroid), ACTH (target cortex of adrenal gland), HGH, PRL (target mamillary gland), LH(gonads), FSH(gonads), MSH (melanocyte)

Post. Pituitary
* Posterior pituitary is not a gland. Its storage
* Some neurons from SON and a few from PVN send axons directly to join posterior pituitary. These axons travel in infundibulum
* Send hormones (OT, ADH) produced by HTh for storage in posterior pituitary

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12
Q

explain targets of pituitary gland

A
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13
Q

explain location thyroid gland and fxn

A

anterior to trachea, inferior to larynx
two lateral oobes connected by isthmus

in 50% of ppl there is a third pyramidal lobe above isthmus

fxn: metabolic rate of body or blood calcium
T3,T4, calcitonin

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14
Q

fxn parathryoid gland (and location)

A
  • 4 mass glandular tissue embedded in posterior surface lateral lobes thyroid gland
    Cooperate with thyroid hormone (calcitonin, will decrease Ca) in blood calcium regulation

Produces PTH: involved in calcium balance
* INCREASES LEVEL of calcium
Regulated by E

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15
Q

blood supply parathyroid and thyroid

A

Both supplied by superior and inferior thyroid arteries branches of external carotid and subclavian arteries

2 arteries: superior thyroid and inferior thyroid artery

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16
Q

venous drinage thyroid

A

3 veins empty thyroid: superior, middle, inferior thyroid veins

17
Q
A

1.esophagus
2.pharyns
3.thyroid gland
4. parathyroid glands

18
Q

adrenal gland fxn and location

A

on superior pole of kidneys, surrounded by separate capsul. R is pyramid, L is crescent

cortex fxn: produce hormones regulate minerals, glucose levels, gonads

medulla fxn: part of ANS. chrommafin cells produce NE. So essentially chromaffin cells is a secondary sympathetic neuron

19
Q

blood supply adrenals

A

abdo aorta and renal arteries