policing

Question 1

describe the communal method of combatting crime in the medival period?

Answer 1

-the leader of the tithing (the tithingman) would raise the hue and cry
-he would assemble his followers and catch the criminal
-ten tithings were grouped into hundreds
-hundredmen dealt with more serious breaches of law

Question 2

who was the in charge of keeping order at a shire (county) level?

Answer 2

-shire reeve (sherriff)
-he was a royal official responsible for keeping order
-he would raise a posse comitatus to catch a criminal that had escaped the tithing

Question 3

what changed with the law enforcement system after the Norman Conquest of 1066?

Answer 3

-JPs were appointed to assist the sherriffs
-parish constables replaced the hundredmen and assisted the JP
-watchmen partolled at night

Question 4

describe the role of the parish constable in medival times?

Answer 4

-if a hue and cry was raised by the constable, everyone had to join in
-usually appointed for 5 years
-unpaid
-time consuming

Question 5

what remained and what had to change in the Tudor period concerning law enforcement?

Answer 5

-JPs, constables and watchemen remained
-the policing system was coming under increasing strain in places like London

Question 6

what was the role of the JP in tudor england?

Answer 6

-overseeing the parish constables/watchmen
-monitor and control vagrants after the Poor Laws in 1601

Question 7

what shows that community policing was still strong in tudor times?

Answer 7

the parish constables were appointed by the JPs from local tradesmen living in the area

Question 8

what was the role of the parish constable in tudor england?

Answer 8

-unpaid
-one year
-keep order in the area
-could call on other people to give him assistance (community policing)

Question 9

what was the role of the watchman in the Tudor period?

Answer 9

-men in town expected to carry out this role on a voulentary basis
-unpaid
-provided reassurance for towns people

Question 10

what was created via an act passed by charles II regarding law enforcement? why did he do this?

Answer 10

-created a force of paid watchmen to patrol the streets of London - known as Charleys
-London was growing so quickly

Question 11

what was the role Charleys?

Answer 11

-low paid
-often taken by those unable to find work elsewhere
-first law officers paid by public money

Question 12

what were theif takers in the industrial period?

Answer 12

captured criminals for reward money

Question 13

give an example of a theif taker?

Answer 13

jonathan wild

Question 14

industrial: who was Thomas de Veil?

Answer 14

• JPs tried to find a solution to growing crime rates
  -among them was Thomas de Veil
  -set up his office in Bow Street
  -he took part in helping his constables investigate crimes
  -paved the way for the Fielding brothers

Question 15

industrial: who were the Feilding brothers?

Answer 15

-Henry Fielding replaced de Veil as the chief magistrate at Bow Street
-made an enquiry and claimed that medival systems of law enforcement was not fit for purpose

Question 16

industrial: how did Henry Fielding attempt to tackle the rise in crime?

Answer 16

-setting up a small force of full-time, trained officers
-keeping records of crimes
-adverts and info in newspapers
-started a crime magazine

Question 17

industrial: who were the Bow Street runners?

Answer 17

the un-uniformed officers that henry fielding employed to act as constables

Question 18

when Henry Fielding died, what did his brother John Fielding do to continue his work?

Answer 18

-began a horse patrol to tackle highway robbery
-continued to publish the weekly newpaper names the ‘Hue and Cry’

Question 19

when was the MET established in the industrial period?

Answer 19

1829

Question 20

why was the MET established?

Answer 20

despite schemes like the Bow Street runners being set up, crime continued to rise

Question 21

who set up the MET?

Answer 21

Sir Robert Peel

Question 22

why were people opposed to a police force run by the government in industrial england?

Answer 22

-many belived in the idea of people enforcing the law themselves
-many believed it was an invasion of privacy
-gov could use police to attack political opponents
-could cause tax rise

Question 23

what were officers of the MET called?

Answer 23

‘bobbies’ or ‘peelers’

Question 24

who ran the MET?

Answer 24

two commissioners - Rowan and Mayne

Question 25

where was the MET headquaters?

Answer 25

scotland yard

Question 26

what were the requirements to be in the MET?

Answer 26

35 years old, at least 5 foot 7 inches

Question 27

what did MET officers wear/carry?

Answer 27

blue jacket, white trousers, truncheon and rattle

Question 28

once the MET was proven successful, what did the gov set up in other areas of the country? what were the problems with them?

Answer 28

-Municipal Corporation Act - police could be set up in large town
-rural police act - enabled police to set up in more rural areas of the country

-they were only permissive and having a police force wasnt compulasary

Question 29

what specialised sections of the police force orgiginated in industrial period?

Answer 29

-the detective branch
-the special branch (terrorism)
-photography
-fingerprinting

Question 30

how did policing change in the modern day?

Answer 30

-less police forces
-more training
-women constables since 1919
-more in touch with community at end of 20th centuary
-new tech

Question 31

how many police forces were there in 1900 vs in 2000? why did it go down?

Answer 31

-200
-43

-better sharing of info so less needed
-to be cost effective

Question 32

outline some milestone dates in the development of women’s position in the police force?

Answer 32

-1919 = first official female constable
-1973 = could be detectives
-1974 = equal pay to men
-1999 = no longer called WPCs

Question 33

towards the end of the twentieth centuary the idea of community policing was given a boost by a variety of schemes - give examples

Answer 33

-neighbourhood watch = 1982, groups of locals preventing crime
-police community support officers = 2002, tackle minor crime

Question 34

in 1904, how many police forces used bikes?

Answer 34

130

Question 35

when was the first police car used and when did they become popular?

Answer 35

-1919
-1930s

Question 36

since when have helicopters have been used for surveillence?

Answer 36

the 1980s

Question 37

there has been a massive increase in modern vehicles use in the police force but why have they recently increased foot patrols?

Answer 37

in the hope that it would reassure people

Question 38

when were blue police telephone boxes introduced?

Answer 38

1920s

Question 39

give an example of when radio communication helped in the modern period?

Answer 39

the arrest of infamous Dr Crippen before he could leave the country

Question 40

give an example of how police use computer technology

Answer 40

the Police National Computer that stores fingerprints, DNA and missing person records

Question 41

what specialised police units were set up in the modern era?

Answer 41

-special branch (continued from industrial period)
-flying squad (serious organised crime)
-dog handling

Question 42

why was the growth of specialist branches needed in the modern day?

Answer 42

becuase the nature of crimes was becoming so varied and complex