History

Question 1

Who was harold godwinson

Answer 1

Harold Godwinson was from Wessex, in England. He was a wealthy nobleman, and it is claimed that Edward the Confessor named Godwinson as his successor on his deathbed. Harold Godwinson’s sister, Edith, was married to Edward, making Harold the king’s brother-in-law. Wessex was the largest kingdom in England and his claim would have been well supported by a large proportion of the English population.

Question 2

Who was william of normandy

Answer 2

William was a Duke who controlled Normandy, a large region in northern France. William was a distant relative of Edward the Confessor and claimed Edward had promised him the throne in 1051.
William also said that Harold Godwinson had sworn an oath that he would help William take the throne after Edward, in return for helping Godwinson when he had been stranded in Normandy in 1064

Question 3

Who was harrald hadradda

Answer 3

Harald Hardrada was a Viking and king of Norway. He was also a distant relative of King Cnut, who had previously been a king of England when the Vikings had invaded. Harald Hardrada also had the support of Tostig, who was Harold Godwinson’s brother.
The two brothers had fallen out. Tostig had been the ruler of Northumbria since 1055, but people rebelled against his rule. The rebels said Tostig had been a selfish and strict leader. Harold Godwinson had advised Edward the Confessor that he should support the rebels, rather than his own brother! Edward agreed, and Tostig was replaced as Earl of Northumbria.
There were a number of ancestors of previous Viking invaders still living in the north of England, and they were supportive of Harald Hardrada’s claim to the throne

Question 4

Who fought in the battle of hasttings

Answer 4

William of normandy and Harald Godwinson

Question 5

What was harold Godwinson army like

Answer 5

• made up of the fyrd
  -made up house carls
  FIGHTING EXPIRIENCE
• the fyrds were part time soldiers
  -fyrds were called to fight when they had to
• fyrds had little training, well not well armed, used farming tools for weapons
  -house carls wrre well trained
  SIZE
  -harrold had 7,000 and 8,000 soldiers

Question 6

What was williams army like

Answer 6

William had:
- soldiers
-calvary
-archers
-foot soldiers
FIGHTING expirence
-william had more fighting expirenced overall
-Army was 7000 and 8000

Question 7

What were the positions in the battle of the battle of hastings?

Answer 7

Harolds army was at the top of senlac hill

Question 8

What was williams first tatic

Answer 8

William ordered his army to charge up the hill. It was to steep to climb and haralds army were in such a strong line they couldnt break through

Question 9

What was williams seconed tatic

Answer 9

William prentended to retreat to try and break the english wall

Question 10

What happens when williams army “retreats”

Answer 10

Harplds army followed them down the hill

Question 11

What was williams counter attack from the retreat

Answer 11

Williams army turns around and attacks now the shield wall is gone

Question 12

Who wins

Answer 12

Harrlads dies and william wins

Question 13

Why did william win

Answer 13

Haralds army were tired since they had to go and deafeat Hadrada but also return from the north to the south. With a time span of days

Tactics: williams tactic helped him break the english wall and deafest harald

Army: william had a better army with a varitety of many soliders including archers foot soldiers and horses

Leadership: William was on horseback and had an overview of the whole battlefield. When a rumour went round his army that he had
been killed, he lifted his helmet to show them he was still alive. In contrast, Harold was on foot and was unable to stop his army losing their discipline and chasing down Senlac Hill after William’s retreating soldiers

Question 14

What caused the Harying of the north

Answer 14

Anglo saxons didnt like william and there were many rebelions.
The biggest one was led by Edgar the Atheling in York 1069. He was joined by danish and scotisn armies

Question 15

What happened to Edgar the athelings rebelion

Answer 15

Williom defeated the rebelion but didnt trust the rebels.
He met with the danes and had an agreement.
William payed the danes ti lieave the country peacfully
From 1069 to 1070 william ordered villages to be burned, farm animales to be slaughtered and crops to be destroyed.
Millions of people left or died of starvation or killed.
Edgar survied and fled to scotland

Question 16

What were the efects fo the harring of the north

Answer 16

This made william look like a tyrannt who would do anupything in his power to get what he wanted stricking fear into everyones heart making sure no one ever tried to rebel against him and his throne

Question 17

What is the feudal system

Answer 17

This was used to show siciety. The king was at the top of society and this ment he was at the top of the feudal system. When William conquered England he had a lot of oand to controll. To manage this he gave large areas of land to noblemen, including the clergy, lords snd barons in return for raising them money for an army.
The nobility were below the king in the hierarchy. This included the clergy, barons, and lords and ladies. They would distribute some of their land to knights, who would raise an army to fight for the king when needed. Noblemen would also let peasants live and work on the land, in return for taxes and food. The nobility became wealthy from rent raised from peasants they let farm on the land.
Peasants were the largest and lowest group in medieval society, making up over 90% of the population. Most peasants were villeins and they were at the bottom of the system. Some peasants were freemen and they had more rights than villeins. Peasants had very few rights and little power on their own, however as a collective group they had the potential to threaten the power of the king. This was shown in the Peasants’.The feudal system meant that everyone in England, apart from the king, was a tenant. Barons or Lords who were given land directly from the king were known as tenants-in-chief.
The feudal system allowed William to control land in England. In 1087, fearing possible revolts against him, William gathered his tenants-in-chief together at Old Sarum and made them take an oath of loyalty to him. This was a way of William demonstrating his power over England and trying to secure his land

Question 18

What were motte and baily castles

Answer 18

• built from wood
• the keep was on top of a small hill called a motte
  -at the bottom was the baily
• the baily was a enclosed groupmof houses
• the castles were protected by a palaside
• a paliside was a tall long wooden fence
• the mootenand baily castles had a dich or a motte
• they were built on top of hills to look intimadating
• they weren’t bult to last a long time
• they could be built quickly in a few days
  -later they would be replaced with stone castled over time
• over 500 of these were built in two years