Tudor Government Flashcards
1
Q
How did Henry VIII limit the power of the nobles?
A
- Important decisions were made in the Royal Court, if Nobles did not attend, they couldn’t be part of these decisions
- he disciplined nobles in the star chamber, which was a special court for Nobles
- tried Nobles, who fought against him at Bosworth
2
Q
How did Henry secure power through rewards?
A
- He used patronage, which was giving positions of power to nobles, as a result of loyal service, so nobles kept close to the king, and he could watch them
- he promoted the gentry, which was the middle-class, to important decisions. He gave titles rather than land.
3
Q
How did Henry use peace to secure his power?
A
-he married elizabeth of York to unite the waring houses
- He had very few wars, so he need a little money from Parliament
4
Q
how did Henry VIII work with Parliament?
A
- Ruled with closest assistance from key Nobles
- in 1487 and 1504, he restricted the number of retainers a nobleman could have
- Used the Nobles, he was close to, to force decisions in Parliament to go the way he wanted
- Worked closely with Parliament and made sure that he sanctioned his actions by making them law
- Waged war with France and Scotland, and heavy taxation approved by parliament to finance them
- ,34 he passed act of supremacy which removed England from the Catholic Church, the church of England was created and Henry was recognised as its head
5
Q
What happened between Thomas Wolsey and Henry VIII?
A
- He made Wolsey Archbishop of York and then later chancellor
- Wolsey Used his influential position to acquire a lot of wealth
- Wolsey Couldn’t convince the pope to annul Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
- Wolsey arrested in 1529, after being charged. With treason, he died before facing trial.
6
Q
What happened between Thomas, Cromwell and Henry VIII?
A
- Henry appointed Cromwell as his chief minister in 1534
- Cromwell had a lot of power over other nobles in this position
- After Comos leadership of the break with Rome and dissolution of the monasteries, Henry made him earl
of Essex
-Cromwell was arrested and executed without trial in 1540. After the marriage he arrange between Henry and Anne of Cleves failed to bring political union with France.
7
Q
What problems did Henry VIII face?
A
— usurper, he lacks legitimacy
- His oldest heir died
- Physical battles
8
Q
What problems did Henry VIII face?
A
- Desperate to have a male heir, named the Kings Great matter
- Multiple wars with France and Scotland
- Health problems
- Greed
-Public revolt
9
Q
How was elizabeth I strong leader?
A
- Took advice from Nobles to ensure people felt that they will being listened to
- her sister Mary was Catholic, so some people were worried about frequent changes in religion, but she didn’t strictly persecute Catholics and only enforced moderate protestantism
- Her religious settlement helped her her many divisions during the reign
- 1569 she defeated the rebels who wanted to see Mary Queen of Scots on the throne and 750 people who had been involved in the northern rebellion were executed
- Spread anti-catholic propaganda to deal with the threat of Catholic spies and traitors
- Never married, but used her status as the ‘virgin queen’ support subjects knew she had dedicated her life to a country
10
Q
How did elizabeth I have a positive relationship with Parliament?
A
- worked closely with her privy council to pass laws and agree taxes
- Saw parliament as her point of contact with the people and peas were allowed to raise questions about important issues
- She was aided by William Cecil, who bought order and stability to the Royal Court
- Parliament supported elizabeth’s views on religion
11
Q
How does elizabeth use her being a woman to secure power?
A
- She charmed the crowds at her coronation
- Promised that coronation to take advice from nobles and parliament
-Didn’t like her decisions being challenged - public officials must swear and oath of allegiance to elizabeth
- Had Mary Queen of Scots arrested after northern rebellion
- Executed Mary Queen of Scots after Babington plot
- Never married and claimed she was married to her country
- she and Parliament ideas were generally in line, but some people opposed her and was sent to the tower. Parliament knew their place and often didn’t challenge her.
12
Q
How did Queen Elizabeth I use religious difference to secure her power?
A
- Believed in the divine right of Kings
- Passed a new act of supremacy, 1559, making her the head of the church of England
- Middle way, church did not favour Catholics, nor extreme protestants
- A new prayer book to describe the terms of our religious settlement, which was compulsory to use
- Didn’t persecute Catholics
- Punished those who went against her, no matter whether they were Catholic or Protestant
- Resisted attempts to impose harsh laws on Catholics
