Cognitive psychology task 4

Question 1

Bottom Up

Answer 1

Doesn’t require knowledge
Refers to flow of sensory information from the environment

Question 2

Top-Down

Answer 2

Prior knowledge, not innate

Question 3

What is Mental Representation?

Answer 3

Internal, cognitive structures that we use to encode, store, and manipulate information.
- Various forms: images, concepts etc.

Question 4

What are the Gestalt Principles?

Answer 4

Set of principles that describe how we perceive visual elements and organize them into patterns and structures.

Question 5

Gregory’s constructivist Theory (

Answer 5

• Top Down
• Perception is an active process
• not innate
• past experiences needed

Question 6

Gibson’s direct theory of perception

Answer 6

• direct bottom-up
• doesn’t involve mental representations
• innate
• Environment is enough for perception

Question 7

High Images

Answer 7

More able to produce mental imagery

Question 8

Low images

Answer 8

Lower ability to produce mental imagery

Question 9

Mental Imagery Propositional view (Pylyshyn)

Answer 9

• Not actual pictures or visual representations
• Rather propositional representations that are used to guide cognitive processes

Question 10

Mental Imagery Analogist View (Kosslyn)

Answer 10

• Involves the use of mental representations that are picture-like
• Similar to actual sensory experiences

Question 11

Imagery Debate

Answer 11

Around the question of whether mental imagery is based on abstract proportional codes or picture-like representations.

Question 12

Marr’s understanding of visual perception

Answer 12

(1) Computational: What information is needed and why
(2) Algorithmic: Algorithms and representations are proposed to achieve computational goals
(3) Implementational: How the algorithms could be physically realised in neural circuits