Henry's Later Foreign Policy 1530-47

Question 1

Why are we isolated by 1529?

Answer 1

Left out of Peace of Cambrai between Charles V and Francis I

Question 2

With whom did Cromwell begin talks with in 1533?

Answer 2

League of Schmalkalden

Question 3

What happened in 1536 which removed the obstacles in the way of an alliance with Charles V?

Answer 3

Katherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn died

Question 4

What happened in 1538 which put England in a precarious position?

Answer 4

Truce of Nice

Excommunication

Reginald Pole

Auld Alliance renewed

Question 5

What was the Truce of Nice?

Answer 5

Ended war between Charles V and Francis I

Question 6

Why was the excommunication so dangerous?

Answer 6

Announced to the Catholic world that Henry VIII was not the legitimate King of England and absolved English Catholics from obedience to their ruler

Question 7

Why was Reginald Pole so dangerous?

Answer 7

He was on a mission to bring Charles and Francis together against England. Furthermore, he posed a Yorkist threat

Question 8

Why was the Auld Alliance renewed in 1538?

Answer 8

Marriage between James V and Marie of Guise (even more insultingly, Marie had previously rejected Henry’s marriage proposal)

Question 9

Why was Henry completely without allies in 1539?

Answer 9

Charles and Francis signed a pact not to negotiate separately with England

Question 10

What did the Pope do in 1539 which threatened England?

Answer 10

Paul III sent Cardinal Beaton to Scotland and Cardinal Pole to France to rouse support for a Catholic crusade against Henry

Question 11

How did Henry respond to the threats of 1538/9?

Answer 11

Married Anne of Cleves to pursue an alliance with the League of Schmalkalden (however, this became redundant due to the breakdown of relations between Francis and Charles)

Question 12

Who did Henry ally with in 1542?

Answer 12

Charles V - both sides agree to a joint invasion of France

Question 13

How did James V humiliate Henry?

Answer 13

1541 - had agreed to meet with Henry at York but never turned up

Question 14

What happened in November 1542?

Answer 14

Battle of Solway Moss

Question 15

How many troops fought at Solway Moss?

Answer 15

10,000 Scots vs 3,000 Englishmen

Question 16

What was signed in 1543?

Answer 16

Treaty of Greenwich, which agreed that Edward and Mary would marry.

Question 17

Why did the Treaty of Greenwich break down?

Answer 17

Marie of Guise appeals to the Pope and gets the Treaty repudiated

Question 18

What was launched in 1544?

Answer 18

The Rough Wooing - Earl of Hertford sent to destroy large parts of Edinburgh and the lowlands

Question 19

How did France respond to English aggression in Scotland?

Answer 19

Sent troops and defeated the English at the Battle of Ancrum Moor in 1545

Question 20

When was Mary Queen of Scots sent away from Scotland?

Answer 20

1546

Question 21

What happened in June 1544?

Answer 21

Henry VIII attacked France, but ignored the plan to attack Paris. His troops marched on and successfully took Boulogne

Charles V felt let down with his ally

Question 22

How did Charles V respond to Henry ignoring the invasion plan?

Answer 22

Made a peace with Francis with the Peace of Crepy

Question 23

What happened in July 1545?

Answer 23

French ships sailed into English waters at Portsmouth in an attempted invasion - failed due to bad weather and poor organisation

Question 24

How big was the French invasion fleet?

Answer 24

220 ships and 30,000 soldiers

Question 25

What treaty was made in 1546?

Answer 25

Treaty of Campe with France

Question 26

Details of the Treaty of Campe?

Answer 26

England would keep Boulogne for 8 years. France would then buy it back for £800,000 and pay an annual pension of £35,000 a year