Radiation safety Flashcards
what are the 2 types of biological effects of radiation?
deterministic (non-stochastic)
non deterministic (stochastic)
define deterministic (non-stochastic) biological effects of radiation
Definitely occur with specific doses -> threshold dose
Below threshold dose the effect does not occur
deterministic effects produce what kind of biological effects?
stomatic effects
what are the 2 categories of deterministic stomatic effects
acute
chronic
name 2 deterministic acute effects of radiation
Radiation sickness 2-10 Sv
Death >10 Sv
name 4 deterministic chronic effects of radiation
Hair loss
Cataracts
Sterility
Obliterative endarteritis (inflammation of inner lining of artery resulting in occlusion of the lumen)
define non-deterministic stochastic effects of radiation
effects which might occur
no threshold dose but stochastic so probability increases with dose
non-deterministic effects can produce what kind of biological effects?
somatic effects
genetic effects
name a non-deterministic somatic effect of radiation
development of malignancy
name a non-deterministic genetic effect of radiation
congenital abnormality which may include malignancy
in dentistry we get deterministic or non-deterministic effects?
non-deterministic effects
name 3 factors affecting the dose of radiation
type of radiation
tissue being irradiated
age of patient -> risk of cancer from radiation decreases with age
dose of radiation -> ALARP
what does it stand for?
as low as reasonably practical
what is the inverse square law for radiation exposure?
The intensity of the radiation beam equals the inverse of the square of the distance from the source
- The radiation exposure from the beam gets less the farther away it is
- If the source is 2x as far away, its 1/4 as much exposure
only the patient can be in the controlled area.
what is the controlled area in DDH?
we stand 2 m away or behind appropriate shielding
