Importance Of ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate
The universal energy carrier found in all living cells

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2
Q

Where is ATP produced

A

ATP is synthesised on thr internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts

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3
Q

Describe how ATP is synthesised

A

Involves ATP synthase, an enzyme found embedded in cellular membranes
ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to form ATP as protons flow through it

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4
Q

Compare the flow of protons across the mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes

A

Mitcochondrial membrane: H+ Flow from the inter membrane space into the matrix across the inner membrane
Chloroplast membrane: H+ flow from the thylakoid space into the stroma, across the thylakoid membranes

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5
Q

Define chemiosmosis

A

The synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient across a semi permeable membrane, catalysed by ATP synthase

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6
Q

How is the proton gradient maintained during chemiosmosis

A

Potential energy associated with excited electrons is coupled to the active transport of H+ across the membrane by proton pumps

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7
Q

What is an electron transport chain

A

A series of electron carrier proteins that transfer electrons in a chain of oxidation reduction reactions, releasing energy

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8
Q

How can dehydrogenase activity be investigated

A

Investigated using artificial hydrogen acceptors such as DCPIP, methylene blue and tetrazolium compounds

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9
Q

What colour change is observed when DCPIP is reduced

A

Dark blue to colourless

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10
Q

What colour change is observed when methylene blue is reduced

A

Dark blue to colourless

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11
Q

Why is ATP described as universal energy currency

A

ATP provides energy in all cells for all reactions
ATP releases energy in small, usable amounts
ATP is easily hydrolysed removing the terminal phosphate group to release energy forming ADP

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12
Q

What is phosphorylation

A

3rd phosphate group is reattached with a high energy bond. This process is converting ADP back to ATP

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13
Q

What enzyme converts ADP back to ATP

A

ATP synthase

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14
Q

Where is ATP synthase found

A

It spans the membrane

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15
Q

Where are proton pumps found

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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16
Q

Where is electron chain found

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

17
Q

What happens in thylakoid space

A

Protons build up forming an electrochemical gradient

18
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in mitochondria

A

Oxygen and H+

19
Q

What is final electron acceptor in chloroplast

A

NADP and H+

20
Q

Define methylene blue

A

An artificial hydrogen acceptor that changed colour from dark blue to colourless when reduced

21
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle found in plants and algae that is the site of photosynthesis

22
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate
Universal energy carrier found in all living cells