Organelles And Functions

Question 1

What is an organelle?

Answer 1

A structure in the cell with a specific function

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

It appears in animal and plant cells

Protects the cell from surroundings

Controls movement of substances in and out

Acts as a wall/barrier, only lets some things in (semipermeable)

Question 3

Cell wall

Answer 3

Appears in plant cells only

Provides protection and structure to plant cell

Helps keep plants stand up, the cell wall is made of cellulose

Question 4

What are the different parts of the nucleus structure and what cells to they appear in?

Answer 4

Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane/envelope, chromatin

All appear in both plant and animal cells

Question 5

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 5

It’s like a brain

Stores DNA

Found in EUkaryotes not Prokaryotes

Question 6

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus

Prokaryotic cells DONT have a nucleus

Eukaryotic cells have other organelles besides nucleus, prokaryotic cells only have ribosomes.

Question 7

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 7

Produces ribosomes

It’s a circle inside the nucleus, takes up 25% of the nucleus

Question 8

Nuclear membrane/envelope?

Answer 8

Membrane that holds nucleus

Small holes called nuclear pores to allow contents in and out of the nucleus

Question 9

Chromatin?

Answer 9

Relaxed form of DNA that wraps around proteins called histones

Question 10

Ribosome?

Answer 10

Makes proteins

Located in the nucleolus

Both animal and plant cells

Question 11

Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 11

Holds the ribosomes which create protein, it is rough because if the ribosomes

Proteins packaged in membrane bound vesicles and sent to Golgi body

Located in animal and plant cells

Question 12

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

Answer 12

Produces lipids, carbohydrates, hormones and repairs membrane.

Has no ribosomes which is what makes it smooth

Both animal and plant cells

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

It’s like Amazon

Modifying and packaging of proteins for secretion

Creates lysosomes

Animal and plant cells

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

Breaks down glucose into ATP energy through the process of cellular respiration

Powerhouse of the cell

Plant and animal cells

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

Photosynthesis —> carbon dioxide + water —> oxygen + glucose

Green pigment called chlorophyll that contains enzymes that drives the process of photosynthesis

ONLY plant cells

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

Centrioles produce spindle fibres for mitosis

Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles

(Fishing rod)

ANIMAL cells only

Question 17

Central vacuole or vacuole

Answer 17

Storage if water, salt, food, waste

Storage unit

Plants have bigger vacuoles

Animals have smaller vacuoles

Question 18

Lysosome

Answer 18

Contains enzymes and digest non-functional organelles, invaders (bacteria), and by products.

Double membranes, another layer of protection

Both animal and plant cells

If an invader comes it will hunt it down and break it up into pieces