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PHARM 233 (Final) - Drugs > Bacterial Cell Wall and Folic Acid Agents > Flashcards

Bacterial Cell Wall and Folic Acid Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Sulfa Antibiotic

Characteristics:
- Bacteriostatic
- Structural PABA Analog

MOA:
- Inhibit DHPS preventing Folic Acid Synthesis

AE:
- Acute Renal Failure
- Bone Marrow Depression
- Cyanosis
- Hepatitis
- Hypersensitivity (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

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2
Q

Folic Acid Antagonists

A

Characteristics:
- Bacteriostatic
- Resembles Pteridine Ring of Folate
- Combined with Sulfonamides

MOA:
- Inhibit Dihydrofolate Reductase preventing Folic Acid Synthesis

AE:
- Folate Deficiency
- Megaloblastic Anemia

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3
Q

Penicillin G

A

Prototype Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Poor Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock
- Proconvulsant Effect if given intrathecally

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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4
Q

Penicillin V

A

Prototype Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Better Oral Availability than Penicillin G
- Active against gram-positive bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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5
Q

Methicillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Poor Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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7
Q

Cloxacillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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8
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Narrow Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Resistant
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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9
Q

Ampicillin

A

Broad Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Good Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive/negative bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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10
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Broad Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Better Oral Availability than Ampicillin
- Active against gram-positive/negative bacteria

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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11
Q

Carbenicillin

A

Extended Spectrum Penicillin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Beta Lactamase Sensitive
- Poor Oral Availability
- Active against gram-positive/negative bacteria
- Active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella

MOA:
- Inhibit PBPs and prevent development of peptidoglycan layer

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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12
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

Beta Lactamase Inhibitors

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Combined with Amoxicillin

MOA:
- Prevent degradation of beta lactam antibiotics by beta lactamase

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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13
Q

Sulbactam

A

Beta Lactamase Inhibitors

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Combined with Amoxicillin

MOA:
- Prevent degradation of beta lactam antibiotics by beta lactamase

AE:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Anaphylactic Shock

PK:
- Eliminated via renal tubular secretion

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14
Q

Cefradine

A

1st Generation Cephalosporin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal

MOA:
- Irreversible inhibition of PBPs

AE:
- Nephrotoxicity (Especially with Cefradine)
- Drug-Induced Alcohol Intolerance
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis in response to penicillin

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15
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Can cross BBB

MOA:
- Irreversible inhibition of PBPs

AE:
- Nephrotoxicity (Especially with Cefradine)
- Drug-Induced Alcohol Intolerance
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis in response to penicillin

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16
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

2nd Generation Cephalosporin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Can cross BBB

MOA:
- Irreversible inhibition of PBPs

AE:
- Nephrotoxicity (Especially with Cefradine)
- Drug-Induced Alcohol Intolerance
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis in response to penicillin

PK:
Majority excreted in renal tubular excretion
- 40-50% eliminated in bile

17
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd Generation Cephalosporin

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Can cross BBB

MOA:
- Irreversible inhibition of PBPs

AE:
- Nephrotoxicity (Especially with Cefradine)
- Drug-Induced Alcohol Intolerance
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Contraindicated in those who experience anaphylaxis in response to penicillin

18
Q

Carbapenem

A

Carbapenem

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Broad Spectrum Beta Lactam Antibiotic

MOA:
- Structural Difference from
penicillin / cephalosporin
–> Bind differently to PBPs

Maximizes Features of:
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
- Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

AE:
Nephrotoxicity (Seizures with Imipenem)

PK:
Inactivated by Renal Dipeptidases
- Co-prescribed with Cilastatin

19
Q

Monobactams

A

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Specific to Gram Negative Microorganisms

MOA:
- Irreversible Inhibitor of PBP3

20
Q

Glycopeptides & Lipopeptides

A

Ex.Vancomycin
Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Very Unstable
- Given by IV (Given by PO for Clostridium Difficile)
- Last Resort for MRSA (Vancomycin)

MOA:
- Inhibits Bacteria Cell Wall Biosynthesis
- Targets Transglycosylase and Transpeptidase

AE:
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Flushing (Redman Syndrome)
- Neutropenia (Low WBC)

21
Q

Polymyxin Antibiotic

A

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Specific for Gram Negative Bacilli

MOA:
- Binds to phosphate group of Cytoplasmic Membrane and displacing calcium and disrupting integrity of LPS

AE:
- Nephrotoxicity

22
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Characteristics:
- Bactericidal
- Broad Spectrum

MOA:
- Inactivates MurA Enzyme preventing peptidoglycan synthesis

PHARM 233 (Final) - Drugs (15 decks)

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