Fluid therapy Flashcards
Dextrose is considered _________ free
Electrolyte
The composition of Hartmann’s Solution is similar to what?
Extracellular fluid
What is an electrolyte?
A mineral dissociated from a salt that carries an electrical charge (an ion)
What two organs have the highest proportions of water?
Brain and kidneys
What makes up about 60 percent of the total water in the human body?
Intracellular fluid
What is fluid tonicity?
The concentration of asolutionas compared to another solution
The ideal IV fluid would be _______, meaning that it would not alter the osmolality of the fluid compartment
Isotonic
IV fluid therapy may consist of infusions of:
Crystalloids and/or colloids
What are three indications for IV fluid therapy?
- Fluid resuscitation (increase circulating volume)
- As a vehicle for IV drugs
- “KVO” – to keep vein open – this is when IV fluids are flowing just enough to keep the IV open for future use
What are crystalloids made up of?
Water and electrolyte solutions
Crystalloids will cross a ________ membrane
Semi-permeable
What are examples of crystalloids?
- Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
- Dextrose
- Hartmann’s solution AKA Ringer’s lactate
- PlasmaLyte
What are three indications for sodium chloride?
- IV fluid resuscitation and replacement of salt loss e.g. vomiting and diarrhoea
- Diluting drugs
- Diluting packed red blood cells prior to transfusion
What can be a complication of sodium chloride IV infusion in too large a quantity?
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
What are the indications for use of dextrose?
- Maintain water balance for those unable to take anything by mouth
- Post-operatively in conjunction with salt-retaining fluids e.g. normal saline
- Often used as part of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion
