Obesity - role of the individual Flashcards
What are the direct and indirect controls of meal size?
Characteristics of food and the food environment in promoting overconsumption
Psychological factors and the role of the individual
What are direct controls of meal size?
All factors relating to the direct contact of food to the gastrointestinal mucosal receptors
What are the indirect controls of meal size?
Everything that isn’t direct controls…
Metabolic
Endocrine
Cognitions
Individual differences
Social and environmental factors
What is satiation?
What is satiety?
What brings an eating episode to an end
Time period between meals
What are the 3 stages of the satiety cascade?
Prepandial - before meal - expectations about food
Prandial - during meal -
Post-prandial - after meal -
How does energy dense food provide an issue?
We eat habitually similar size portions each day
Problem when some types of food are more energy dense than others… leads to over consumption
How can we reduce the energy density of diets?
Incorporating water - fruits and vegetables
Air(industry)
Reducing fat/sugar
Method of cooking
What is energy compensation?
Adjustment of energy intake following the ingestion of a particular food
Energy compensation is lower with liquids than solids
Soup is an exception
What is the role of alcohol in overconsumption?
consumed in liquid form
Least satiating macronutrient - can even make you hungrier
Oxidised at expense of fat oxidation
Passive overconsumption
Active overconsumption
Associated with poorer food intakes
Pattern of consumption is important
How does variety in diet affect health?
Improves dietary quality
BUT leads to over consumption - ‘sensory-specific satiety’
VERY LOADED QUESTION
What is sensory-specific satiety?
Following the consumption of a food, there is a reported decrease in the pleasantness of the appearance, smell, taste & texture of that food, whilst other foods remain pleasant
More likely to overconsume when more variety
How have portion sizes changed over the years?
How does the portion size your given affect how much you eat?
Portion sizes have gotten bigger
If you have a bigger portion size, you’ll naturally eat more than if served a smaller portion size
How can intake of energy be improved?
Add more vegetables to the plate/ use them as a starter
