Chapter 7 Terms and Charts

Question 1

Domino Theory

Answer 1

Definition: The belief that if one country falls to communism, neighboring countries will also fall in a domino effect.

Countries it affected: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Eastern Europe

How did it impact the Cold War? It influenced U.S. foreign policy decisions, leading to military intervention in countries to prevent the spread of communism.

Question 2

Sputnik

Answer 2

Definition: The first artificial satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union in 1957.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? It sparked the space race and increased tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Question 3

ICBM

Answer 3

Definition: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile - a long-range missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? It increased the threat of nuclear war and led to the arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Question 4

Open Skies

Answer 4

Definition: Proposal for mutual aerial surveillance between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to reduce tensions and increase transparency.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? It aimed to build trust between the two superpowers but was never fully implemented.

Question 5

Eisenhower’s Farewell Address

Answer 5

Definition: President Eisenhower’s speech warning against the dangers of the military-industrial complex and excessive influence of the defense industry.

Countries it affected: United States

How did it impact the Cold War? It raised awareness about the potential negative consequences of the arms race and military buildup.

Question 6

Flexible Response

Answer 6

Definition: U.S. military strategy developed to address various levels of conflict with a range of military options.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? It provided a more nuanced approach to dealing with international crises and reduced reliance on nuclear weapons.

Question 7

OPEC

Answer 7

Definition: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries - a group of oil-producing nations that coordinate oil production and pricing policies.

Countries it affected: Middle Eastern countries, United States, other oil-importing nations

How did it impact the Cold War? OPEC’s actions, such as the oil embargo, influenced global politics and economic dynamics during the Cold War.

Question 8

Vietnamization

Answer 8

Definition: U.S. policy of transferring military responsibilities to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

Countries it affected: United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam

How did it impact the Cold War? It was part of the U.S. strategy to reduce American involvement in Vietnam and shift the burden of fighting to South Vietnamese forces.

Question 9

Draft Lottery

Answer 9

Definition: System used during the Vietnam War to conscript individuals into military service based on a random selection process.

Countries it affected: United States

How did it impact the Cold War? The draft lottery sparked protests and opposition to the war effort, contributing to the anti-war movement in the U.S.

Question 10

Yom Kippur War

Answer 10

Definition: Conflict between Israel and Arab states in 1973, coinciding with the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.

Countries it affected: Israel, Egypt, Syria, United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? The involvement of superpowers and the threat of nuclear escalation highlighted the tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Question 11

Oil Embargo

Answer 11

Definition: Restriction on oil exports imposed by OPEC in response to Western support for Israel during the Yom Kippur War.

Countries it affected: United States, Western Europe, OPEC nations

How did it impact the Cold War? The oil embargo led to economic disruptions and highlighted the vulnerability of Western nations to oil-producing countries.

Question 12

Geneva Accords

Answer 12

Definition: Agreements reached in 1954 to end the First Indochina War and temporarily divide Vietnam into North and South.

Countries it affected: Vietnam, France, United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? The Geneva Accords set the stage for further conflict in Vietnam and influenced Cold War dynamics in Southeast Asia.

Question 13

Warsaw Pact

Answer 13

Definition: Military alliance of communist countries in Eastern Europe led by the Soviet Union as a response to NATO.

Countries it affected: Soviet Union, Eastern European countries

How did it impact the Cold War? The Warsaw Pact solidified Soviet influence in Eastern Europe and heightened tensions with the West.

Question 14

Geneva Summit

Answer 14

Definition: Meeting in 1955 between the leaders of the U.S., Soviet Union, France, and the UK to discuss Cold War issues.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union, France, United Kingdom

How did it impact the Cold War? The Geneva Summit aimed to ease Cold War tensions but did not lead to significant breakthroughs in relations.

Question 15

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 15

Definition: U.S. policy to provide economic and military aid to Middle Eastern countries to counter Soviet influence.

Countries it affected: United States, Middle Eastern countries, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? The Eisenhower Doctrine aimed to contain communism in the Middle East and protect U.S. interests in the region.

Question 16

SALT I

Answer 16

Definition: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the U.S. and Soviet Union to limit the number of nuclear weapons.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? SALT I marked a significant step towards arms control and reducing the risk of nuclear conflict between the superpowers.

Question 17

Detente

Answer 17

Definition: Period of improved relations and reduced tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? Detente led to arms control agreements and diplomatic efforts to ease Cold War hostilities.

Question 18

War Powers Act

Answer 18

Definition: U.S. law passed in 1973 to limit the President’s ability to commit troops to military action without Congressional approval.

Countries it affected: United States

How did it impact the Cold War? The War Powers Act aimed to prevent unilateral military actions and increase Congressional oversight of foreign policy decisions during the Cold War.

Question 19

SALT II

Answer 19

Definition: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the U.S. and Soviet Union to further reduce nuclear weapons following SALT I.

Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? SALT II aimed to build on previous arms control agreements but faced challenges due to Cold War tensions.

Question 20

Panama Canal Treaty

Answer 20

Definition: Agreement between the U.S. and Panama in 1977 to transfer control of the Panama Canal to Panama.

Countries it affected: United States, Panama

How did it impact the Cold War? The Panama Canal Treaty symbolized a shift in U.S. foreign policy towards decolonization and improved relations with Latin America.

Question 21

Camp David Accords

Answer 21

Definition: Peace agreements signed in 1978 between Israel and Egypt, brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

Countries it affected: Israel, Egypt, United States

How did it impact the Cold War? The Camp David Accords demonstrated the potential for diplomatic solutions to regional conflicts and influenced U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East.

Question 22

One China Policy

Answer 22

Definition: Policy recognizing the People’s Republic of China as the legitimate government of China, replacing Taiwan.

Countries it affected: China, Taiwan, United States

How did it impact the Cold War? The One China Policy shifted diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to mainland China, affecting Cold War alliances and relations in East Asia.

Question 23

Bay of Pigs

Answer 23

Definition: Failed CIA-backed invasion of Cuba in 1961 by Cuban exiles seeking to overthrow Fidel Castro’s government.

Countries it affected: United States, Cuba, Soviet Union

How did it impact the Cold War? The Bay of Pigs invasion strained U.S.-Cuba relations and highlighted the tensions between the superpowers in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 24

Berlin Wall

Answer 24

Definition: A barrier constructed by East Germany in 1961 to separate East and West Berlin.
Countries it affected: Germany (East and West)
Impact on the Cold War: Symbolized the division between the communist East and democratic West, heightened tensions between the superpowers.

Question 25

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 25

Definition: A 13-day confrontation in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.
Countries it affected: United States, Soviet Union, Cuba
Impact on the Cold War: Brought the world to the brink of nuclear war, led to a period of increased communication and cooperation between the superpowers.

Question 26

6-Day War

Answer 26

Definition: A brief but intense conflict in 1967 between Israel and its Arab neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, and Syria).
Countries it affected: Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria
Impact on the Cold War: Strengthened U.S.-Israel relations, increased tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Question 27

Prauge Spring

Answer 27

Definition: A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia in 1968 that was suppressed by the Soviet Union.
Countries it affected: Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union
Impact on the Cold War: Demonstrated the limits of reform within the Eastern Bloc, strained relations between the Soviet Union and its allies.

Question 28

Angolan Civil War

Answer 28

Definition: A conflict in Angola from 1975 to 2002 involving various factions and foreign interventions.
Countries it affected: Angola, Soviet Union, United States, Cuba, South Africa
Impact on the Cold War: Proxy war between the superpowers, contributed to regional instability and humanitarian crises.

Question 29

Iranian Revolution

Answer 29

Definition: A series of events in 1979 that led to the overthrow of the Shah of Iran and the establishment of an Islamic Republic.
Countries it affected: Iran, United States, Soviet Union
Impact on the Cold War: Shifted the balance of power in the Middle East, strained U.S.-Iran relations.

Question 30

Hostage Crisis

Answer 30

Definition: The 1979-1981 hostage crisis in Iran, where 52 American diplomats were held captive for 444 days.
Countries it affected: Iran, United States
Impact on the Cold War: Exacerbated tensions between the U.S. and Iran, influenced U.S. foreign policy in the region.