Cell Transport

Question 1

What are the main components of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Question 2

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 2

It provides physical isolation, regulates exchange, monitors the environment, and offers structural support.

Question 3

Differentiate between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

Answer 3

ICF is inside the cell, while ECF is outside the cell.

Question 4

How does diffusion differ from osmosis?

Answer 4

Diffusion involves the movement of substances, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a membrane.

Question 5

What is carrier-mediated transport?

Answer 5

It’s a mechanism where carrier proteins facilitate the movement of molecules across the membrane.

Question 6

Explain the concept of tonicity.

Answer 6

Tonicity describes the ability of a solution to cause water movement into or out of a cell.

Question 7

ow does active transport differ from passive transport?

Answer 7

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

Question 8

What is the role of ATP in active transport?

Answer 8

ATP provides the energy necessary for active transport processes.

Question 9

What are transport vesicles, and what is their function?

Answer 9

Transport vesicles are membranous sacs that facilitate the movement of substances into or out of the cell.

Question 10

Define osmosis and its significance in cellular function.

Answer 10

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, crucial for maintaining cell volume and function.

Question 11

How do cells regulate exchange with the environment?

Answer 11

Through mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.

Question 12

Describe primary active transport.

Answer 12

Primary active transport involves the direct use of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 13

How does tonicity affect cellular function?

Answer 13

Tonicity influences the movement of water into or out of cells, affecting cell volume and function.

Question 14

What are the consequences of osmotic pressure?

Answer 14

Osmotic pressure can lead to changes in cell volume and affect cellular function.

Question 15

Explain the concept of osmotic pressure.

Answer 15

Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure required to prevent the inward flow of solvent (usually water) across a semi-permeable membrane due to osmosis.

Question 16

How is osmotic concentration measured, and what unit is used?

Answer 16

Osmotic concentration, also known as osmolarity, is measured in osmoles per liter (Osm/L).

Question 17

Differentiate between osmolarity and tonicity.

Answer 17

Osmolarity refers to the concentration of solute particles per liter of solution, while tonicity describes the ability of a solution to cause water movement into or out of a cell.

Question 18

Explain how hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions affect cell volume.

Answer 18

In a hypertonic solution, where solute concentration is higher outside the cell, water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. In an isotonic solution, the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water. In a hypotonic solution, where solute concentration is lower outside the cell, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 19

What factors determine the tonicity of a solution?

Answer 19

Tonicity is determined by the concentration of solutes in the solution and their ability to cause water movement across a membrane.