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Orthopaedics (equine) > Foal (Yr 4) > Flashcards

Foal (Yr 4) Flashcards

1
Q

what are some developmental orthopaedic diseases?

A

angular limb deformity
flexural limb deformity
physitis (non-septic)
osteochondrosis

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2
Q

what plane deformity its angular limb deformity?

A

frontal (bends medial/lateral)

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3
Q

what should be done when assessing angular limb deformity?

A

conduct standing and dynamic assessment
check each joint individually
palpation
radiographs

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4
Q

what is valgus?

A

lateral deviation limb (angular limb deformity)

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5
Q

what is varus?

A

medial deviation of limb (angular limb deformity)

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6
Q

where can angular limb deformity originate from?

A

bone - physis, epiphysis, cuboidal bones (carpus/tarsus)
soft tissue laxity

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7
Q

if angular limb deformity cannot be straightened manually, what is the likely origin?

A

bone

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8
Q

how can radiographs help to identify the origin of the angular limb deformity?

A

drawing lines down the centre of the long bones, where they intersect if roughly when the deformity is

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9
Q

what can radiographs for angular limb deformity tell you?

A

where the deformity originates
ossification (important for assessment/treatment)

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10
Q

if the limb can be straightened manually in cases of angular limb deformity what is the likely origin?

A

soft tissue

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11
Q

what is the risk of incomplete ossification of cuboidal (carpal/tarsal bones) in cases of angular limb deformity?

A

high risk of crushing injury to the bones

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12
Q

how should angular limb deformity with incomplete ossification of cuboidal bones be treated?

A

restrict exercise
splint bandage (light)
balanced nutrition
radiograph every 2 weeks

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13
Q

how would you treat angular limb deformity differently depending on the ossification of cuboidal bones?

A

non-ossified - rest
ossified - light exercise helps

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14
Q

what can cause acquired angular limb deformity?

A

imbalance nutrition (minerals/energy)
genetics (rapid growth)
trauma

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15
Q

how can trauma cause acquired angular limb deformity?

A

damage to structures creates pain so the foal won’t bear its weight evenly on all limbs

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16
Q

what does treatment of angular limb deformity depend on?

A

aetiology
age (any remaining growth?)
joints involved
severity
concurrent problems

17
Q

how can angular limb deformity be treated?

A

limit exercise (rest)
bandage/splints
corrective hoof trimming (glue on shoes)
limit/correct nutrtuin

18
Q

what corrective hoof trimming can be done for valgus?

A

lower lateral side
or medial extensions

19
Q

what corrective hoof trimming can be done for varus?

A

lower medial side
or lateral extensions

20
Q

how can growth be accelerated through surgery on angular limb deformity?

A

periosteal elevation just proximal to physis done on the concave side

21
Q

what plane deformity is a flexural limb deformity?

A

sagittal plane

22
Q

what causes digital hyeprflexion?

A

tendon laxity

23
Q

how is digital hyeprflexion of neonates treated?

A

usually with exercise it corrects within 2 weeks
light bandage to stop fetlock sores
palmar/plantar extension in severe cases

24
Q

should digital hyeprflexion cases be splinted?

A

no

25
Q

what should be done when assessing contracted tendons in flexural limb deformity?

A

assess when standing and lying
palpate superficial and deep flexor tendon to see which is most effected (feel tension)

26
Q

how are contracted tendons causing flexural limb deformity treated?

A

farriery, physiotherapy, medication, bandage/splint
surgical if conservative therapy fails

27
Q

what medications can be used for contacted tendons?

A

always use analgesia (NSAIDs)
oxytetracycline (care with hydration as nephrotoxic)

28
Q

how can contracted tendons affecting the distal interphalgeal joint (coffin) be treated conservatively?

A

farriery - lower heal, extend toe shoe
decrease nutrition
increase exercise
analgesia

29
Q

how can contracted tendons affecting the distal interphalgeal joint (coffin) be treated surgically?

A

desmotomy of distal check ligament (accessory ligament of DDFT)

30
Q

how can fetlock/carpal contraction flexural limb deformity be treated?

A

palmar/plantar splints
oxytetracycline
analgesia

31
Q

what are the bacteria can access joints to cause septic arthritis?

A

haematogenous
traumatic
iatrogenic

32
Q

what are the signs of septic arthritis?

A

foal reluctant to stand
joint effusions (often multiple)
peri-articular swelling
lameness
(mare has full udder)

33
Q

what are the radiographic features of septic physitis?

A

irregular/widened physis
radiolucency
soft tissue swelling

34
Q

what tubes should you collect when doing synoviocentesis?

A

EDTA (total and differential nucleated cell count)
plain (culture/sensitivity)

35
Q

how is synovial sepsis treated?

A

treat underlying cause - failure of passive transfer, umbilical infection…
lavage synovial structure
antimicrobials
NSAIDs (if painful)

36
Q
A

Orthopaedics (equine) (18 decks)

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