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Biolgoy > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

0
Q

Endocytosis

A

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

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1
Q

Cytolysis

A

the dissolution or disruption of cells, esp. by an external agent.

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2
Q

Exocytosis

A

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.

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3
Q

Carrier protein

A

Carrier proteins are proteins involved in the movement of large molecules in and out of a cell, down their concentration gradient

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4
Q

Passive transport

A

transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required

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5
Q

Plasma lysis

A

contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

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6
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Turgor pressure pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall of plant, bacteria, and fungi cells as well as those protist cells which have cell walls

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

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8
Q

Pinocytosis

A

the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.

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9
Q

Diffusion

A

the spreading of something more widely.

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10
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport, with this passive transport aided by integral membrane proteins. Facilitated diffusion is the spontaneous passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane passing through specific transmembrane integral proteins

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11
Q

Ion channel

A

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins whose functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells

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12
Q

Concentration gradient

A

a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution; “the movement of a solute down its concentration gradient is called diffusion

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13
Q

Hypertonic

A

having increased pressure or tone

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14
Q

Hypotonic

A

having increased pressure or tone

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15
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

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16
Q

Isotonic

A

(of muscle action) taking place with normal contraction.
2.
denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, esp. one in a cell or a body fluid.

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17
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

1.

a vacuole in some protozoans that expels excess liquid on contraction.

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18
Q

Phagocyte

A

1.

a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

19
Q

Active transport

A

1.
the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

20
Q

Vesicle

A

a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular.

21
Q

Phagocytosis

A

1.

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and ameboid protozoans.

22
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Na+ /K+ -ATPase is an antiporter enzyme located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. The Na+ /K+ -ATPase enzyme pumps sodium out of cells, while pumping potassium into cells.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_potassium_pump

23
Q

multipotent stem cell

A

Cell potency is a general term which describes a stem cell’s ability to differentiate into different cell types. The more cell types a stem cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.

24
Q

totipotent

A

(of an immature or stem cell) capable of giving rise to any cell type or (of a blastomere) a complete embryo

25
Q

pluripotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus, or developed organism, but not embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta (these are usually called extra-embryonic).

26
Q

Stem cell

A

plural noun: stem cells
1.
an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

27
Q

Spindle fibers

A

In cell biology, spindle apparatus refers to the subcellular structure that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division. It is also referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis or the meiotic spindle during meiosis

28
Q

centromere

A

nounBIOLOGY
1.
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.

29
Q

multipotent stem cell

A

Cell potency is a general term which describes a stem cell’s ability to differentiate into different cell types. The more cell types a stem cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.

30
Q

totipotent

A

(of an immature or stem cell) capable of giving rise to any cell type or (of a blastomere) a complete embryo

31
Q

pluripotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus, or developed organism, but not embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta (these are usually called extra-embryonic).

32
Q

Stem cell

A

plural noun: stem cells
1.
an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

33
Q

Spindle fibers

A

In cell biology, spindle apparatus refers to the subcellular structure that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division. It is also referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis or the meiotic spindle during meiosis

34
Q

centromere

A

nounBIOLOGY
1.
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.

35
Q

multipotent stem cell

A

Cell potency is a general term which describes a stem cell’s ability to differentiate into different cell types. The more cell types a stem cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.

36
Q

totipotent

A

(of an immature or stem cell) capable of giving rise to any cell type or (of a blastomere) a complete embryo

37
Q

pluripotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus, or developed organism, but not embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta (these are usually called extra-embryonic).

38
Q

Stem cell

A

plural noun: stem cells
1.
an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

39
Q

Spindle fibers

A

In cell biology, spindle apparatus refers to the subcellular structure that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division. It is also referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis or the meiotic spindle during meiosis

40
Q

centromere

A

nounBIOLOGY
1.
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.

41
Q

multipotent stem cell

A

Cell potency is a general term which describes a stem cell’s ability to differentiate into different cell types. The more cell types a stem cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.

42
Q

totipotent

A

(of an immature or stem cell) capable of giving rise to any cell type or (of a blastomere) a complete embryo

43
Q

pluripotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus, or developed organism, but not embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta (these are usually called extra-embryonic).

44
Q

Stem cell

A

plural noun: stem cells
1.
an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

45
Q

Spindle fibers

A

In cell biology, spindle apparatus refers to the subcellular structure that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division. It is also referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis or the meiotic spindle during meiosis

46
Q

centromere

A

nounBIOLOGY
1.
the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.

Biolgoy (4 decks)

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