Blood - 13% Flashcards
What is blood made up of?
55% plasma, 45% formed elements
Components of Plasma
Water - 90% of volume
Salts/Electrolytes
Plasma proteins
What are the plasma proteins and their jobs
Albumin - Osmotic balance/ph buffering
Fibrinogen and Globulins - Blood clotting, defense and lipid transport
Components of formed elements
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Platelets
Leukocytes (WBC)
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells, transports O2 and helps transport CO2
Leukocytes
White blood cells, defense and immunity
Neutrophil
Most numerous WBCs, partial to bacteria and fungi, multilobed nucleus
Basophil
rarest WBC, Histamine - a potent inflammatory chemical, makes blood vessels leaky and attracts other WBC to the inflamed site
Eosinophil
Blue-red nucleus, numbers increase with infectiosn by parasitic worms
Lymphocyte
Takes residence in lymphatic tissues like tonsils, plays an important role to immune response
Monocyte
Largest WBC, important in fighting chronic infections and activating lymphocytes
Erythropoietin
When blood oxygen levels decline, this hormone stimulates red bone marrow to create more RBCs
What is step 1 of Coagulation
Vascular spams occurs, smooth muscle contracts causing vasoconstriction
Step 2 of Coagulation
Platelet plug forms, Injury to the lining of the vessel exposes collagen fibers. Platelets release a chemical that makes nearby platelets sticky and adhere.
Step 3 of Coagulation
Clotting factors in plasma interact with Ca2 to form thrombin, which catalyzes joining of fibrinogen molecules to fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh that traps RBC and platelets, forming a clot.
