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Fundamentals of Nursing > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the communication process?

A 
Sender
Message
Channel
Receiver
Feedback
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2
Q

What are 3 Channels

A

Visual
Auditory
Kinesthetic

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3
Q

What are 3 types of personal spaces, distances & example?

A
  1. Intimate (0-18”) - checking vital, bathing, catheter.
  2. Personal (1-4’) - one-to-one teaching/counseling
  3. Social/Public (4’+) - teaching a class
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4
Q

What are 3 levels of communication?

A
  1. Interpersonal - b/ 2 people
  2. Intrapersonal - w/in ourselves - self talk
  3. Group - 3+ people
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5
Q

Types of Groups & examples

A
  1. Task - teaching injections/diabetic counseling
  2. Therapeutic - post trematic stress/cancer survivor
  3. Therapy - psychotherapy
  4. Self-Help - AA/weight watchers
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6
Q

What groups are nurses most in?

A

Task & Therapeutic

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7
Q

What re 2 types of communication

A
  1. Interdisciplinary - w/ other healthcare team

2. Therapeutic - create beneficial outcome for patient

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Therapeutic Communication?

A 
Goal directed
patient focused
nonjudgemental
well planned/well defined boundaries
specific to each patient
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9
Q

What are some elements of therapeutic communication?

A 
Empathy
Trust
honesty
caring
active listening - focus on the feelings of the person
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10
Q

What are some different therapeutic approaches?

A

Open-ended comments: “Tell me about…”
Restating-repeating/paraphrasing
Offering self - just be present/silent

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11
Q

What are some communication blocks & examples?

A
  1. Reassuring - Telling the patient that everything is going to be ok
  2. Judging
  3. Agreeing
    Rejecting - Lets not talk about that now
  4. Advising - we cannot tell them what to do
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12
Q

How do we communicate with Angry patient?

A

Don’t touch
Don’t turn our back on them
stay calm/lower voice
Don’t get in their intimate space

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13
Q

Assimilation

A

taking in new experiences or information

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14
Q

Adaptation

A

ongoing process by which an individual adjusts to stressors in order to achieve homeostasis

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15
Q

Embryonic stage

A

first 2-8 weeks after fertilization

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16
Q

Adolescence

A

12-20 yrs

appearance of sex characteristics

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17
Q

fetal stage

A

intrauterine development period

8 weeks to birth

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18
Q

What is growth?

A

quantitative changes in physical size of body & its parts

Measurable

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19
Q

What is development?

A

Behavioral changes in functional abilities & skills

Qualitative - not easily measured

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20
Q

What are the components of growth & development?

A
  1. Simple to complex - head to toe/proximodistal, midline to extremities
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21
Q

What are Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial Development?

A

8 Stages of development

  1. Trust vs. mistrust - birth to 18mo
  2. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt - 18mo-3yr
  3. Initiative vs. guilt - 3-6yr
  4. Industry vs. inferiority - 6-12yr
  5. Identity vs. role diffusion - 12-20yr
  6. Intimacy vs. isolation - 18-25yr
  7. Generativity vs. stagnation - 21-45yr
  8. Integrity vs. despair - 45+ yr
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22
Q

What was Erikson’s main view?

A

That psychosocial development is a lifelong process.

Series of conflicts that can have favorable or unfavorable outcomes

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23
Q

What was Piaget’s main view?

A

Children learn to think by playing
Assimilation - taking in new experiences
(he put kid in a box)

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24
Q

What were Piaget’s 4 phases of intellectual development?

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete operations
  4. Formal operations
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25
Q

What is moral dimension?

A

Consists of a person’s value system that helps in differentiating right & wrong
Learn by example

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26
Q

What are the 2 ages with the biggest growth?

A

Infancy & Adolescent

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27
Q

What are the 3 major causes of death among adolescent?

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Homicide
  3. Suicide : they perceive that is the only way out of a situation
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28
Q

What is self-concept?

A

an individual’s perception of self

How we view ourselves

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29
Q

What are the components of self concept?

A

Identity
self esteem
body image
role performance

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30
Q

What is identity

A

name, gender, occupation

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31
Q

what is self esteem

A

sense of worth & value

how a person regards himself

32
Q

what is body image

A

physical attributes

33
Q

what is role performance

A

set of expected behaviors

student, mother, wife

34
Q

What is role conflict?

A

occurs when the expectations of one role compete with that of another

35
Q

What are some types of role conflict & examples

A
  1. Interrole - woman’s job conflicts with her being mom and going to child’s dance recital.
  2. Interperosnal - incompatible role expectations (husband & wife disagree on parenting)
  3. Role overload - too many roles / hard to choose what to do 1st.
  4. Person-role - values are violated by demand of role (nurse tell truth/supervisor wants her to lie)
36
Q

What is stress

A

body’s physiological reaction of any stimulus that evokes change
Can be good or bad

37
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Our response to stress

38
Q

What is GAS?

A

General adaptation syndrome

the physiological response to stress

39
Q

What are the stages of GAS?

A
  1. Alarm - activating fight/flight
  2. Resistance - flight/fight occurs & depletes our energy
  3. Exhaustion - body can no longer cope
40
Q

What is LAS?

A

Local Adaption syndrome

41
Q

Where does LAS occur?

A

specific body part
usually temporary
ex. cut on arm results with inflammation at the spot

42
Q

What happens with the arousal of ANS?

A

Fight or flight phenomenon
Sympathetic
Increases in: heart rate, BP, Pulse, diaphoreses

43
Q

What is a crisis?

A

Acute state of disorganization

Occurs when an individuals coping mechanisms are no longer effective

44
Q

What is NOT a crisis?

A

Mental illness

45
Q

What are some balancing factors for a crisis?

A
  1. Perception
  2. Coping mechanism
  3. Situational support
46
Q

What are 4 levels of anxiety & nurses role?

A
  1. Mild-good : time for teaching for nurse because of increased awareness
  2. Moderate-Need to help them
  3. Severe - need to give specific direction
  4. Panic - provide limits and structure, stay with patient
47
Q

What happens when a patient moves from mild anxiety to panic?

A

Their perceptions narrow.

48
Q

What are some coping behaviors for stress/anxiety?

A

talking, crying, laughing, exercise

49
Q

What is defense mechanisms?

A

Unconscious operations that protect the mind from anxiety

Used to keep homeostasis

50
Q

What are some examples of defense mechanisms?

A
  1. Denial
  2. Projection - put on someone else (I’m not attracted to him, my friend is….)
  3. Repressing - block it (I never got angry at my father….)
  4. Rationalization - The test had a trick question or the teacher is out to get me
51
Q

What are 3 phases of Lewin’s Theory of change?

A
  1. Unfreezing - recognize/create a need for change
  2. Moving - implementing change
  3. Refreezing - reinforcing new behavior
52
Q

Go through the Nursing Process w/ stress & anxiety.

A
  1. Assessment: gather data with open ended ?’s.
  2. Diagnosis: “Anxiety related to….”
  3. Outcome Identification/Planning: List things to help relieve the anxiety
  4. Implementation: meet their basic needs, do nursing actions, stress mngmt techniques
  5. Evaluation: did we accomplish our goals?
53
Q

What is the biggest way to keep our patients safe?

A

Handwashing

54
Q

What are some factors that affect safety?

A

Age-very young and old are more at rust
lifestyle
mobility
emotional state

55
Q

What are some common allergies that may indicate you have a latex allergy?

A

Bananas, kiwis and macadamias

56
Q

What are nosocomial infections?

A

Hospital acquired or health care associated infections.

Bad because they are very resistant to treatment

57
Q

What are some nosocomial infections?

A

MSRA-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

VRE - vancomycin-resistant enterococci

58
Q

Where is a common place where nosocomial infections take place?

A

UTI’s

59
Q

What are some occupational hazards for buses?

A

Latex allergies

work related musculoskeletal disorders - lower back

60
Q

What are some fall prevention techniques?

A
  1. bed in lowest position
  2. nonslip mats/socks
  3. Call bell w/in reach
  4. Good lighting
  5. Check on patient every 2 hrs. minimum
  6. 2 side rails up
61
Q

What does RACE stand for?

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish

62
Q

What is the correct hand washing technique?

A
  1. asess for cuts, breaks in skin, heavily soiled
  2. turn on water
  3. wet hands and get soap
  4. keep hands in the down position while vigorously rubbing hands together for 15 sec
  5. rinse in the down position
  6. blot hands dry from fingers to forearm
  7. turn off water with paper towel
63
Q

How do we create patient safety?

A

2 patient identifiers : name and dob

3 checks for meds

64
Q

What are standard precautions?

A
  • *Always use
    1. hand hygiene
    2. PPE - personal protective equipment (gloves, gown, mask, eye protection or face shield)
    3. safe injection practices
65
Q

When putting in a catheter or injections of material in spinal or epidural spaces what type of protection is needed?

A

Mask

66
Q

What are the 3 types of transmission based precautions

A

Contact, droplet and airborne

67
Q

What precautions are used for Contact?

A

standard
gloves - upon entry and take off before leaving room
hand hygiene
gowns-upon entry and take off before leaving room

68
Q

When transporting a patient with Contact precautions what do you need to remember?

A
  1. Limit to medically necessary purposes
  2. Ensure that infected areas of patients body are contained and covered
  3. Remove & dispose of contaminated PPE and perform hand hygiene prior to transport
  4. Don clean PPE to transport to destination
69
Q

What precautions are used for Droplet?

A

Standard
PPE-don mask upon entry
Hand hygiene
Private room for patient or 3 feet from other patients/visitors

70
Q

What to do when transporting patient with droplet precautions?

A

Limit transport to medically necessary purposes
Instruct patient to wear mask
NO mask is required for person transporting patient

71
Q

What precautions are used for Airborne?

A

Standard
Place in a AIIR (Airborne infection isolation room)
Monitor air pressure
Keep door closed
Wear a fit tested NIOSH approved N95 when entering the room

72
Q

What to do when transporting airborne precaution patient?

A

Limit transport to medically necessary purposes.

Patient to wear a surgical mask

73
Q

What are some types of airborne disease

A

Tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, disseminated herpes zoster

74
Q

What are key elements of restraints documentation?

A

Reason for the restraint
method
application: date, time, and clients response
duration
frequency of observation
safety: routine release, exercise and assessment for circulation and skin integrity
assessment of the continued need

75
Q

What type of knot can be used in restraints?

A

clove hitch

76
Q

how often toes the nurse have to perform exam on restraints?

A

2 hours

77
Q

Where do you secure a restraint?

A

To the bed frame

**Never side rail

Fundamentals of Nursing (3 decks)

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