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FS 100 > Sound & Music > Flashcards

Sound & Music Flashcards

1
Q

Diegetic Sound

A

any voice, musical passage, or sound effect presented as originating from a source within the film’s world

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2
Q

Nondiegetic Sound

A

sound, such as mood music or a narrator’s commentary, represented as coming from a source outside the space of the narrativeE

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3
Q

External Diegetic Sound

A

sound represented as coming from a physical source within the story space that we assume characters in the scene also hear

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4
Q

Internal Diegetic Sound

A

sound represented as coming from the mind of the character with the story space

although we and the character can hear it, we assume that the other characters cannot

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5
Q

Synchronous Sound

A

sound that is matched temporally with the movements occurring in the images, as when dialogue corresponds to lip movements

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6
Q

Asynchronous Sound

A

sound that is not matched temporally with the movements occurring in the image, as when dialogue is out of synchronization with lip movements

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7
Q

Simultaneous Sound

A

diegetic sound that is represented as occurring at the same time in the story as the image it accompanies

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8
Q

Non-simultaneous Sound

A

diegetic sound that comes from a source in time either earlier or later than the image it accompanies

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9
Q

Sound Bridge

A

at the beginning of a scene, the sound from the previous scene carries over briefly before the sound from the new scene begins

at the end of one scene, the sound from the next scene is heard, leading into that scene

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10
Q

What are the main elements of a soundtrack?

A

dialogue, including voice-over narration

music

sound effects

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11
Q

What is sound mixing?

A

the combination of two or more soundtrack elements onto one single track

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12
Q

What is a sound designer?

A

individual response for all aspects of a film’s audio track, from the dialogue, music, sound effects, and recording to the re-recording (mix) of the final track

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13
Q

What are the functions of film sound?

A

engages our sense of hearing

can influence how the viewer interprets the image

can cue the viewer to form expectations

can cue offscreen space

can trigger emotional responses, particularly music

can highlight the occasions in which silence is used

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14
Q

What is the loudness of sound?

A

the amplitude of the vibrations upon our hearing - often related to perceived distance - the further the source of the sound, the quieter it will be

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15
Q

What is the pitch of sound?

A

the frequency of sound vibrations - often perceived to distinguish different sources of sound as well as different types of voices on screen

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16
Q

What is the timbre of sound?

A

the quality of a musical note or sound or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production be it the human voice or musical instrument - also called tone quality or tone color

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17
Q

What is rhythm?

A

the beat or tempo derived from the soundtrack, be it music, speech or sound effects

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18
Q

What is rhythm coordinated between sound and image?

A

the matching sonic and visual rhythms in a scene or sequence

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19
Q

What are rhythm disparities between sound and image?

A

the contrasting of the sonic rhythms with the visual rhythms in a scene or sequence

20
Q

What is fidelity?

A

the degree to which a sound is faithful to the source, as the listener conceives it

e.g., the sound of a dog barking when accompanied with an image of a barking dog

not dependent upon how the sound is made but more how the listener perceives the fidelity of a sound

unfaithful sounds often used for comedic effect

21
Q

What is diegetic sound?

A

sound that has its source from within the story world

source of diegetic sound can be onscreen or offscreen

22
Q

What is nondiegetic sound?

A

sound that does not have its source from within the story world

23
Q

What is external diegetic sound?

A

sound that has its physical source in a scene

24
Q

What is internal diegetic sound?

A

sound that derives from the mind of a character

subjective aural point of view

25
Q

What is sound perspective?

A

the sense of spatial distance and location provided by diegetic sound

26
Q

What are the functions of dialogue in narrative film?

A

involved in the creation of the story world within the film

the individuating of characters through voice

can enact narrative developments

can communicate plot developments such as backstory

can reveal the inner life of a character

27
Q

What is overlapping dialogue?

A

the simultaneous speech of two or more characters to imitate the natural rhythms of dialogue as opposed to the narrative clarity of turn taking

28
Q

How is social categorization presented through dialogue?

A

the use of accents and dialects in dialogue to enhance the social dimensions of a character

speech can underscore class distinctions

speech can communicate ethnicity

29
Q

What is diegetic voice-over narration?

A

the voice of a character heard on the soundtrack narrating or commenting upon events, often in past tense

30
Q

What is nondiegetic voice-over narration?

A

the voice of a narrator heard on the soundtrack narrating or commenting upon events but is not within the film’s story world

31
Q

What is synchronous sound?

A

the matching of sound and image such that the viewer hears the sound the same time it is produced in the image track

32
Q

What is asynchronous sound?

A

the mis-matching of sound ad image such that the viewer hears the sound not at the same time it is produced in the image track

asynchronous sound can be used intentionally

33
Q

What are different temporal relations of sound with image track?

A

sound simultaneous in story and image

non-simultaneous sound from earlier in story than image

non-simultaneous sound from later in story than image

sound bridge

34
Q

What is sound simultaneous in story and image?

A

sounds occur at the same time in the story as produced in the image track

35
Q

What is non-simultaneous sound from earlier in story than image?

A

sounds occurring earlier in the story than the action depicted on the image track (auditory flashback)

36
Q

What is non-simultaneous sound from later in story than image?

A

sounds occurring later in the story than the action depicted on the image track (auditory flashforward)

37
Q

What is a sound bridge?

A

the sound of one scene carries over into the next scene or the sound of the next screen commences before the image track of the next scene

used to smooth scene transitions

38
Q

What are the functions of music in film?

A

during opening credits music can suggest mood and spirit of the film

music can assist in establishing setting and historical period

music can simulate the ethnic sounds linked to a specific geographical locale by incorporating the instrumentation, structures, and melodies that are associated with the music of region

can provide a sense of continuity over scene or sequence

through recurrent leitmotif (a melodic phrase, often associated with a character) and musical themes, can reinforce narrative unity

39
Q

What is polarization?

A

when audiovisual interaction of the emotional tone of the music contrasts with the content of the images causing music and/or image to be reinterpreted

40
Q

What is affective congruency?

A

the matching of the emotional tone of both the music and visuals, which can heighten the spectator’s emotional responses

41
Q

What is non-diegetic music?

A

like sound in general, music can be diegetic or non-diegetic

non-diegetic music usually assumes the form of the film’s score

the classical orchestral score drew from the compositional conventions of nineteenth century operatic and symphonic music

a contemporary film scoring can be either classical, a compilation score, or a combination of both, or an exploration of other musical styles

42
Q

What is a diegetic switch?

A

when diegetic music switches status and becomes non-diegetic

43
Q

What is the compilation score?

A

lyrical and musical expression of character’s subjective state

44
Q

What is diegetic music?

A

diegetic music can be heard through a record player or radio (or some form of media player)

or diegetic music can be performed by a character, most often in musicals

like non-diegetic music, often diegetic musical performances are used to establish character and express their subjective states during a particular moment in the narrative

45
Q

What is the classical Hollywood musical?

A

dual focus narrative that progresses through a series of paired segments, usually involving song and dance numbers, which compare the male and female leads

the film normally ends with the union of the heterosexual couple, often with the union narratively taking place in a song and dance number

characterized by the audio dissolve: the transition from the diegetic track, such as a conversation, to the music track (appears diegetic but is actually post-synchronized, i.e., dubbed)

vocal stand-ins: a singer who dubs their voice over the actor in postproduction

46
Q

What is music and postwar Indian film?

A

most Indian films contain song sequences

the sale of the music from the soundtrack is equally important as the box office from the film itself

the hybrid score: Indian scores would often draw from other national music traditions and combine with Indian musical styles

musical sequences were normally dubbed by playback singers who became stars

FS 100 (9 decks)

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