Critical Reading Skills

Question 1

What is critical reading?

Answer 1

• looking at the text from different perspective
• recognizing the writer’s purpose
• recognizing biases
• provides high reflective skills
• evaluate how text presents arguments
• identifying the tone and persuasive elements used

Question 2

analyze the motivation of the writer for writing the text by looking at the

Answer 2

• sociopolitical
• Economic
• Personal

Question 3

Types of claims:

Answer 3

• fact
• policy
• values
• cause & effect

Question 4

Modes of persuasion:

Answer 4

• ethos
• pathos
• logos

Question 5

Credibility

Answer 5

Ethos

Question 6

Emotion

Answer 6

Pathos

Question 7

Logic

Answer 7

Logos

Question 8

errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument

Answer 8

Logical Fallacies

Question 9

What are the 20 Logical Fallacies:

Answer 9

1. False Dilemma
2. Appeal to Ignorance
3. Slippery Slope
4. Complex Question
5. Appeal to Force
6. Appeal to Pity
7. Bandwagon
8. Attacking the Person
9. Appeal to Authority
10. Anonymous Authority
11. Hasty Generalization
12. False Analogy
13. Accident
14. Post Hoc
15. Wrong Direction
16. Irrelevant Conclusion
17. Affirming the Consequent
18. Denying the Antecedent
19. Inconsistency
20. Appeal to Hypocrisy

Question 10

occurs when an arguer
presents his/her argument as one of only two
options despite the presence of multiple
possibilities

Answer 10

False Dilemma

Question 11

occurs when something is instantly
concluded to be true just because it is not proven to be
false

Answer 11

Appeal to Ignorance

Question 12

occurs when a series of increasingly
superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn.

Answer 12

Slippery Slope

Question 13

occurs when two or more points are rolled into one and
the reader is expected to either accept or reject both at
the same time.

Answer 13

Complex Question

Question 14

occurs when a threat, instead of reasoning is used to
argue

Answer 14

Appeal to Force

Question 15

Occurs when the element of pity is used instead of
logical reasoning

Answer 15

Appeal to Pity

Question 16

occurs
when an argument considered to be valid because it is
what the majority thinks

Answer 16

Bandwagon

Question 17

occurs when someone tries to refute an argument by attacking
the character of a person instead of attacking the ideas in the
argument

Answer 17

Attacking the Person

Question 18

occurs when the argument quotes an expert who is not
qualified in the particular subject matter

Answer 18

Appeal to Authority

Question 19

the authority in question is
not mentioned or named

Answer 19

Anonymous Authority

Question 20

occurs
when a sample is not significant or enough to support a
generalization.

Answer 20

Hasty Generalization

Question 21

occurs when it is assumed that
two concepts that are similar in some ways are also
similar in other ways.

Answer 21

False Analogy

Question 22

occurs when general rule is applied to a
situation, even when it should be an exception

Answer 22

Accident

Question 23

occurs
when the arguer claims that since event A happened
before event B, therefore A is the cause of B

Answer 23

Post Hoc

Question 24

occurs when the direction
between cause and effect is reversed

Answer 24

Wrong Direction

Question 25

occurs
when an argument which is supposed to prove
something concludes something else instead

Answer 25

Irrelevant Conclusion

Question 26

any argument of the
form; If A is true the B is true; if B is true therefore A is
true.

Answer 26

Affirming the Consequent

Question 27

any argument of the
form; If A is true then B is true; if A is not true then B is
not true.

Answer 27

Denying the Antecedent

Question 28

occurs when argument contradict
one another

Answer 28

Inconsistency

Question 29

answering
criticism with criticism, or turning the argument back
around on the other person.

Answer 29

Appeal to Hypocrisy