unit 2 Flashcards
WHAT IS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM?โญ
Is the way a country organizes its resources and distributes goods and services to its citizens.
WHAT DEFINES A COUNTRYโS ECONOMIC SYSTEM?
The answers to these four questions:
1.What should the country produce and in what quantities?
- How should scarce resources such as labour and capital (money, machinery etc) be allocated?
3.How should goods and services be distributed throughout the country?
4.What should be the price of the goods and services?
video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B43YEW2FvDs
Circular flow model: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1eJ6Q0O2N9Nip2c32eZA8nXqipbkQvg0WltzgDWXDnsg/edit#slide=id.p5
invisible hand
a metaphor for the unforeseen forces that move the free market econ (self interest)
THREE TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMSโญ
Each economic system addresses the three major characteristics (below) in 3 different ways:
1.Market Economy
2.Centrally Planned Economy
3.Mixed Economy
Each economic system addresses the three major characteristics (below) in different ways:
Private Property
Profit
Competition
MARKET ECONOMY
-Also known as capitalism or private enterprise.โญ๏ธโญ๏ธ
-Businesses and consumers answer the 4 questions.
-โญBusinesses, consumers and the government act independently of one another.โญ
-Market forces and self-interest determine what goods are created and sold.
example:US
The government has little direct involvement in
business.
Main duty is to create an atmosphere in which citizens and corporations can be successful
โญexplain the 3 components of a market economy (priv property, profit, competition)โญ
1.Private Property
โญCorporations & people are encouraged to own property (real estate, equipment, automobiles, etc.)โญ
Owners can purchase, rent, trade, sell and give their property to whomever they want
2. Profit
โญThe reward for risk is encouraged
Profitable companies provide employment, create new products, expand and start new ventures
Belongs to the owners of the business and they can choose how to spend it (reinvest or personal goods)โญ
3.Competition
โญIs critical in this system
Companies compete on quality, services, price, reputation and warranties
Encourages companies to provide quality products at reasonable prices
As a result consumers have access to greater selection and new productsโญ
โญ6 advantages and 3 disadvantages of a market economyโญ
ADVANTAGES
Freedom of speech, religion, assembly
Efficient use of resources
New products
Economic growth
Good quality products
Low prices
DISADVANTAGES
Gap between rich and poor expands
Lack of consumer education
Unhealthy products
(โญQ: DOES A โTRUEโ MARKET ECONOMY EXIST IN THE WORLD?
A: NO!! BECAUSE EVERY COUNTRY HAS SOME GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONโญ.)
โญCENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMYโญ
โญAlso known as communism or command economy.โญ
Decisions are made centrally by the govโt.
โญ Govโt controls all elements of the economy
and determines how income is distributed.
Govโt provides education, health care,
employment and housing to ALL members
of society.
CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY define the 3 components
1. Private Property
Ownership is restricted
Citizens may own small household items and furniture
โญ๐๐จ๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ง๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ฐ๐ง ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌ
โญGovernments determine who will work in the business (๐ญ๐ก๐๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฐ๐๐ ๐๐ฌ) ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฐ๐ก๐๐ซ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฏ๐โญ
โญ 2. Profitโญ
๐๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐๐ข๐ญ ๐๐๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ ๐จ๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ง๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ
๐๐ก๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐๐ข๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ซ๐-๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐จ๐๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐๐ก ๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฎ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ฒ
3. Competition
Competition is limitedโญ
Government determines the ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐๐, ๐ช๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ, ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฆ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐ ๐ ๐จ๐จ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐๐ซ๐ฏ๐ข๐๐๐ฌ
Consumers have ๐น๐ถ๐๐๐น๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ต๐ผ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฒ in products sold
advantages and disadvantages of centrally planned economyโจ
ADVANTAGES
- All citizens are assured a minimum standard of living
- Health, education and other social programs are provided free to all
- No unemployment
- Long-term stability
DISADVANTAGES
Restriction of individual freedoms
Little motivation to work hard
Large military presence
Lack of innovation
Corruption
ex. North Korea
Mixed economyโจ
Most world economies are between a market economy and a centrally planned one.
Canada has social programs such as universal health care, employment insurance, and the Canada Pension Plan.
Canada also has thriving competitive businesses.
Mixed Economy
Three Components Defined
1.Private Property
โจProperty is owned by individuals, corporations or governmentโจ
Government owns schools, parks and real estate
Government sets regulations on ownership
Corporations run by the government are called Crown Corporations (Canada Post, CBC)
2.Profit
โจIs encouraged but taxed to support government projects and provide social assistanceโจ
Taxes are collected at the federal and provincial levels through: Sales tax, Income tax and Corporate taxes
Municipal projects are funded through property taxes
3.Competition
โจStrong competition exists amongst corporations
However, the government may also be a competitor
(canada post)โจ
โจadvantages and disadvantages of mixed economyโจ
ADVANTAGES
- Individual incentive
- Basic social services
- Consumer protection
DISADVANTAGES
Higher taxation
Individuals have little input into how taxes are spent
Govโt intervention may stifle growth
Less motivation to work hard
Facts about the UNโจ
51 Countries gathered that year to sign a Charter, creating the UN
Over 75 years later, the United Nations is maintaining international peace and security; 193 current members
In 1945, nations were in ruins. World War II was over, and the world wanted peace.
The UN runs the:
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Bank
UNICEF
It is upholding international law, protecting human rights and promoting democracy.
The UN is committed to devoting resources to improving the standard of living, the unemployment rate, and the economic conditions throughout the world.
The UN creates a strong economic climate so that international trade and business can succeed.
It is promoting development and giving humanitarian assistance to those in need
Theocracy
A form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the stateโs supreme civil ruler.
POPE FRANCIS
VATICAN CITY
Monarchy
Is a form of government in which all political power is with an individual, known as a monarch (โsingle rulerโ), or king or queen.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/which-countries-still-have-monarchy/
SAUDI ARABIA
KING
SALMAN
Democracy
A state governed by all eligible members of the population through elected representatives.
CHARACTERSITICS OF A DEMOCRACY
free and fair elections
the rule of law
free speech and press
the right to assembly, and freedom of religion
economic opportunity for all citizens
politicians may be more concerned with re-election than the good of the country
AUTOCRACY/AUTHORITARIANISM
A state governed by a single individual or a small group of people with unlimited power.
CUBA
FIDEL CASTRO
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AUTOCRACY
Usually has strong military presence
Strives to control all aspects of citizensโ lives
Citizens have no influence on government
Closest economic system is a centrally planned one
TOTALITARIANISM
Similar to an autocracy
One ruling party
WORKERโS PARTY OF KOREA
NORTH KOREA
KIM JONG- UN
political stability index:
https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/wb_political_stability/
watch videos about the UN
1:https://youtu.be/E67ln5yJtyE
2: https://youtu.be/QoIafzc0k74
sustainable goals: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gjYU0uHtBu1q0wb0dghtoKUxGGY2c_rzJ6hQ0eNgO4A/edit#slide=id.p7
Worldโs countries are classified by their level of economic development
Three classifications determined by the United Nations (UN) and its partners:
Developed countries
Economies in Transition
Developing Economies