BRICKS BEADS AND BREAD Flashcards
0.Introduction
Harrapan seals
Harrappan civilsation
Three eras of harrapa
2600 to 1900 bce
- Beginning
Pottery, pastorlaism, agriculture craft, no large buildings , break and burning of sites
- subsistence strategies
a. Agricultural technologies
- Plants and animals examples of what is consumed.
a. Buffalow , Oxen for plough, plough (ch and bn
Plouged field in kalibangan
Rightancled narrow field to right angles as in for two crops
region semi arid and irrigation
Traces of canal : Shoturgai
Water reservoirs: Dhola vira
Grinding eguipmetns 9saddle querns
- Mohenjadaro
a. laying out drains
b. domestic archietecture
c. the citadel
Most known settlement
harrappa first settlement
Two twons
Lower town
a. Drains
b. roads and streets
c, residential buildings
d. bathrooms
e. wells
Upper town
a. defense
b. Special purpose buildings
c. Ware house
d. great bath
- Tracking social differences
a. Burials
What were they generally laid in
what did the burials contain? Mention male burials too.
why?
conclurion on what they believed
b. Looking for luxuries
two types of artifacts what are they?
what is faience
mention hoards ?
pits
jewelry, pottery ornaments, jasemper beads micro beads sellring copper mirror
not burying things with dead
utilities and luxuries
ground snad silica _. gum and colour and set on fire
hoards in pots articles
- Find about craft production.
i. Craft production
ii. beads
iii. shell making
iv.
a. identifying centres of production
i. raw materials
ii. waste
iii.
stones . metals , fianece shell terracotta burny clay
Two or more stones cmeneted some stones gold caps
shapes; Cylinderical, spherical
barrel shaped
incising painting
.0
- Strategies for procuring materials
i. bullock carts
ii. riverine routes
a. matehrials from the subcontienent and beyond
i. establise settlements
ii. lapis lazuli
iii. carnelian
iv. steatite
v. gold
vi. copper
vii. kehtri area
b. contact with distant lands
i. Oman
ii. omani copper
iii. magan
iv. Dilmun
v. melhuna -Haja bird
vi. land of sea farers
- Seals, script weights
a. seals and sealing
i. Long distance communication
ii. identity of the sender
iii packaging
b. an enigamatic script
i. name and title of the owner
ii. signs
iii.
c. weights
i. chert
ii. exchanges
iii. binary
iv. decimal system
v. weighting jewlery
- Ancient authority
i. uniformity of artefact
ii. strategic settlement
iii. labour mobilisation
a. palaces and kings
i. Palace
ii. priest king
iii. several ruler or no ruler
iv. planned settlement and single state
- end of civilisation
a. c. 1800 bce
b, expansion of population
c. material culture
d. late Harappa or successor cultures
e. Causes of end of civilisation
f. end of unifying element
g. evidence of invasion
i. dead man lane
ii. 16 skeletons
iii. rig veda
iv. pur , puramdara
v. evidence of massacre
- Discovering the harrapan civilisation
i. material remains
ii. forgetfulness
iii. strange artefacts
a. Cunninghams confusion
i. first director general of the ASI
ii.written word
iii. early historic and later periods
iv. Chinese bhuddist pilgrims
v. harappan artefact age confusion
v. ganga valley
b. a new old civilsation
i. daya ram sahni
ii. 1924 , john marshall
iii. diff between marshall and cunnnigham
iv. stratigrapy
c. new techniques and questions.
i. R.E.M. Wheeler 1944
ii. technique
iii.
- Problems of piecing together the past
i.
a. Classifying finds
i. material
ii. function
b. problems of interpretation
i. reconstruct religious practices
ii.fire altars
iii. unicorn
iv. proto shiva
v. rudra vs shiva
vi. shaman
vii. linga
