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GCSE History > Germany - life in nazi germany > Flashcards

Germany - life in nazi germany Flashcards

1
Q

what were the three ways hitler increased employment

A

public works
rearmament
national service

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2
Q

how did public service increase employment

A

building hospitals, schools, public building like 1936 olympic stadium provided jobs for men
autobahn construction created work for 80,000 men

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3
Q

how did rearmament increase employment

A

created millions of jobs (in factories building weapons)

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4
Q

how did national service increase employment

A

National Labour Service meant all men 19-25 spent 6 months in the NLS then were conscripted into the army

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5
Q

who wasnt involved in unemployment statistics

A

1.4 million men in the army
jews who were sacked
women who gave up their jobs

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6
Q

what was autarky

A

a closed economy, hitler wanting germany to stop trade with outside world and become entirely self sufficient

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7
Q

was autarky successful?

A

no, by WW2 germany was still importing 20% of food and 33% of raw materials

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

how were big businesses effected by nazi economic policies

A

50% wage increase

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10
Q

how was agriculture effected by nazi economic policies

A

prices rose 20%

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11
Q

how were small businesses effected by nazi economic policies

A

20% of small businesses closed

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12
Q

what was the hereditary farm law 1933

A

prevents farms being repossessed from owners, have farming families greater security

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13
Q

what was the labour front

A

nazi organisation that replaced trade unions

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14
Q

what did the labour front do

A

set wages, nearly always followed wishes of employers

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15
Q

what was strength through joy

A

organisation to help germans see work was good

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16
Q

how did strength through joy improve workers lives

A

they gained evening classes, theatre trips, picnics, and cheap/free holidays for all workers
savings scheme for workers who wanted to buy a car

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17
Q

what was the beauty of labour

A

organisation to help germans see that work was good
ecouraged factory owners to improve working conditions

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18
Q

how did the lives of non armament industries change from 1933-1939

A

wages fell
hours worked rose by 15%
series accidents in factories increased
workers could be blacklisted by employers for questioning working conditions

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19
Q

what were the ‘three Ks’ that nazis believed womens lives should revolve around

A

kinder (children)
kuche (kitchen)
kirche (church)

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20
Q

what was the law for the encouragement of marriage

A

gave newlywed couples a loan of 1,000 marks
allowed them to keep 250 marks for each child they had

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21
Q

what was the mothers cross

A

an award given to women who had large numbers of children

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22
Q

how else did hitler encourage birth rate (not mothers cross or encouragement)

A

allowed women to volunteer to have a baby for aryan member of SS

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23
Q

what was the Law for the Reduction of Unemployment

A

gave women financial incentives to stay at home

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24
Q

when were women conscripted into the war effort

A

1943

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25
Q

how were women encouraged to look

A

hair in plaits or buns
flat shoes
no makeup or trousers
no dyed hair
no smoking in public
discouraged from being slim (thought slim women had trouble giving birth)

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26
Q

how did ‘the aryan race’ look

A

tall
strong
blonde haired
blue eyed
white skinned

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27
Q

what was the aim of the Hitler Youth

A

prepare german boys to be future soldiers

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28
Q

what did the Hitler youth wear

A

military style uniforms

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29
Q

what were the hitler youth acitivities

A

physical exercise
rifle practice
political indoctrination

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30
Q

what was the aim of the league of german maidens

A

prepare girls for future motherhood

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31
Q

what did the league of german maidens wear

A

blue skirt
white blouse
heavy marching shoes

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32
Q

what were the league of german maidens acitivities

A

physical exercise
developing domestic skills - sewing and cooking

33
Q

what did teachers have to join in order to be able to teach

A

Nazi Teachers Association

34
Q

how did the curriculum differ under nazis

A

history - course on rise of nazi party
biology - taught nazi racial theories of evolution in eugenics
race study and ideology - new subject, aryan ideas and antisemitism
PE - 5 one hour lessons every week
chem+maths - downgraded in importance

35
Q

how many protestants and catholics were in germany in 1933

A

protestants - 45 million
catholics - 22 million

36
Q

why did hitler view christianity as a threat

A

emphasised peace when he was trying to start a war

37
Q

what did hitler establish to control religion

A

the state reich church to unify different branches of protestantism

38
Q

who led the state reich church

A

ludwug muller

39
Q

why did the reich church attempt to ban the old testament

A

considered a ‘jewish’ book

40
Q

how many pastors of the confessional church were sent to concentration camps

A

800

41
Q

how did hitler attempt to suppress catholics

A

tried to stop use of crucifix
catholic schools/youth organisations suppressed
catholic newspapers banned
400 catholic priests sent to dachau

42
Q

was hitler successful in reducing the influence of religion

A

no, church attendance increased substantially under the nazis

43
Q

what were the 3 organisations that controlled the police state

A

schutzstaffel (ss)
gestapo
SD

44
Q

what was the SS

A

led by heinrich himmler
initially set up as Hitlers personal bodyguards
set up concentration camps where ‘enemies of the state’ were sent

45
Q

what was the gestapo

A

secret police force
monitored german population for signs of opposition or resistance
was helped by ordinary citizens snitching on others

46
Q

what was the SD

A

intelligence gathering agency of SS
responsible for security of hitler and other top nazis
led by reinhard heydrich

47
Q

how did nazis control the legal system

A

judges had to swear oath of loyalty to hitler
all lawyers joined Nazi Lawyers Association
role of defence lawyers was weakened
standard punishments abolished so local prosecutors decided penalities

48
Q

how many crimes carried the death penalty by 1939

A

46

49
Q

what was the role of the waffen SS

A

elite unit in the army

50
Q

what was the role of the death heads

A

ran concentration and death camps

51
Q

what were some of the things punishable by death

A

telling an anti hitler joke
having sex with a jew
listening to a foreign radio station

52
Q

how was hitler a constant presence in german peoples lives

A

swastika symbol appeared on every government uniform and public building
pictures of hitler displayed everywhere
germans had to greet eachother with ‘heil hitler’ and a raised arm salute

53
Q

what were some methods of propaganda

A

cencorship of press
control of radio
mass rallies
use of sporting events

54
Q

how was the press censored

A

all newspapers controlled by government
could only print pro nazi stories

55
Q

how was radio controlled

A

all radio output controlled by goebbels ministry through reich broadcasting corporation

56
Q

how were mass rallies used

A

public displays of support for naziism
music, speeches, demonstrations of german strength

57
Q

how were sporting events used

A

belin hospoted 1936 olympics
used to demonstrate superiority of aryan race
jesse owens (black USA athlete) had many victories infuriating the nazis

58
Q

how did the nazis control art

A

6500 works of art removed from display
encouraged ‘aryan’ art

59
Q

how did the nazis control architechture

A

hitler was very interested in architechture - believed it could be used to project nazi power

60
Q

how did the nazis control literature

A

ceremonially burnt thousands of subversive or anti nazi books in 1933
books written by jewish, pacifist, classical, liberal, anarchist, socialist, communist authors

61
Q

how did the nazis control film

A

took over film production and distribution
state run school for politically reliable film makers was founded
used film stars to promote popularity of party

62
Q

how did the nazis control music

A

classical music by jewish composers (like mendelssohn and mahler) banned
works of wagner (german) promoted
opposed to jazz, called it negro music and degenerate

63
Q

why were people in support of the nazis

A

stability and economic growth
restored prestige of germany
propaganda convinced them

64
Q

how did protestants oppose nazis

A

protestant pastors (led by martin niemoller) formed confessional church
protestant pastor dietrich bonhoffer was linked to 1944 bomb plot

65
Q

how did catholics oppose the nazis

A

popes ‘with burning concern’ attacked hitler as ‘a mad prophet with repulsive ignorance’
archbishops of munster (von galen) led successful campaign to end euthanasia of mentally disabled people

66
Q

how did the edelweiss pirates oppose nazid

A

daubed anti nazi slogans
sang pre 1933 folk songs
1944, pirates in cologne kill gestapo chief

67
Q

how did the white rose group oppose the nazis

A

1943, hans and sophie scholl publish anti nazi leaflets, throw them into the atrium at munich univeristy
arrested and sentenced to guillotine

68
Q

how did the swing youth and jazz youth oppse nazis

A

rejected nazi values
drank alcohol
wore american clothes
dances to jazz
hung out in bars and nightclubs with members of opposite sex

69
Q

how did the workers oppose nazis

A

posted anti nazi posters and graffiti
organised strikes

70
Q

what were the minority groups the nazis targeted

A

jews
black people
eastern europeans
gypsies
homosexuals
disabled

71
Q

how were black people persecuted in nazi germany

A

forced sterilization
medical experimentation
incarceration
brutality
murdered

72
Q

who did the nazis sterilise

A

mentally and physically disabled
the deaf
people with hereditary diseases
the ‘rhineland bastards’

73
Q

how many people were secretly euthanised between 1939 and 1941

A

over 100,00

74
Q

who was sent to concentration camps

A

homosexuals
prostitutes
jehovahs witnesses
gypsies
alcoholics
pacifists
beggars
hooligans
criminals

75
Q

what percentage of german gypsies died in camps

A

85%

76
Q

what events happened in 1933 in relation to the jews

A

boycott of jewish businesses
books by jewish authors publicly burnt
jewish civil servants, lawyers and teachers sacked
race science lessons introduced, teaching that jews were sub human

77
Q

what events happened in 1935 in relation to the jews

A

nuremberg laws
- strip jews of german citizenship
- outlaw marriage and sexual relations between jews and humans
- take away jews from all civil and political rights

78
Q

what events happened in 1938 in relation to the jews

A

jews cannot be doctors
jews had to add the name israel (men) or sarah (women) to their name
jewish children forbidden to go to school
9th nov - kritallnacht, SS organise attacks on jewish homes, businesses and synangogues in reatliation for asassination of german ambassador

79
Q

what events happened in 1939 in relation to the jews

A

jews are forbidden to own a business or a radio

GCSE History (30 decks)

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