Block 1 Unit 4 Hematological System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components that make up blood?

A

-Erythrocytes/ red blood cells
-Leukocytes/ white blood cells
-Plasma
-Platelets

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2
Q

What are the 2 major proteins within plasma?

A

Albumins and globulins

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3
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

-delivery of substance such as oxygen and glucose, needed for cellular metabolism in tissues

-Removal of byproducts and waste from cellular metabolism

-White blood cells provide defense against invading organisms and injury

-maintains the acid-base balance by carrying CO2 to the lungs to be excreted

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4
Q

How are red blood cells created?

A

There created as a stem cells in the bone marrow and develop in several steps to mature blood cells.

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5
Q

How long does it take a stem cell to develop

A

About 21 days

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6
Q

How long is a released blood cell in the blood stream circulates for before maturity?

A

1-2 days

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7
Q

What is a healthy blood cell called?

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

What is the red blood cells primary job?

A

Tissue oxygenation, the cell contains hemoglobin that Carrie’s gases and electrolytes

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9
Q

How long does a red blood cell function within the body before degrading?

A

110-120 days

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10
Q

What 2 groups are leukocytes divided into?

A

Agranular and Granular

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11
Q

What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

Bleeding and thrombosis resulting from depletion of clotting factors, platelets and RBC

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of DIC?

A

Sepsis, it’s 20% of all cases

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13
Q

What causes DIC?

A

-sepsis
-obstetric complications
-traumatic injury
-miscellaneous (snakebite, shock, heat stroke, cardiac arrest)

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14
Q

You are taking care of a vented pt when you noticed that they are bruising at old IV sites, their gums are bleeding as well, abdominal distension and hematuria. What is the dx?

A

DIC

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15
Q

What are the clinic presentation of DIC ?

A

-bleeding
-epistaxis
-ecchymosis
-hemoptysis
-hematuria
-abdominal distention/ bruising at the flank
-hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage

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16
Q

What is the Tx for DIC?

A
  • Tx underlying cause
  • Transfusion
  • Heparin
17
Q

Why is acidosis on the Trauma triad of death?

A

It compromises the clotting process, accelerating fibrinogen consumption. Decreasing body’s ability to clot, making patient more coagulopathic

18
Q

What happens when the pt develops hypothermia while also having trauma?

A

Vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to tissue, O2 is unable to be exchange putting the cells into an anaerobic state. Which increase Latin acid.

19
Q

How is coagulopathy Tx?

A

FFP and platelets

20
Q

What can happen if RBC hemolyze?

A

Hyperkalemia, which can cause lethal dysthymia’s

21
Q

______ can occur as a result from the citrate (preservative) in blood products, and it exacerbates coagulopathy

A

Hypocalcemia