Block 1 Unit 4 Hematological System

Question 1

What are the 4 components that make up blood?

Answer 1

-Erythrocytes/ red blood cells
-Leukocytes/ white blood cells
-Plasma
-Platelets

Question 2

What are the 2 major proteins within plasma?

Answer 2

Albumins and globulins

Question 3

What is the function of blood?

Answer 3

-delivery of substance such as oxygen and glucose, needed for cellular metabolism in tissues

-Removal of byproducts and waste from cellular metabolism

-White blood cells provide defense against invading organisms and injury

-maintains the acid-base balance by carrying CO2 to the lungs to be excreted

Question 4

How are red blood cells created?

Answer 4

There created as a stem cells in the bone marrow and develop in several steps to mature blood cells.

Question 5

How long does it take a stem cell to develop

Answer 5

About 21 days

Question 6

How long is a released blood cell in the blood stream circulates for before maturity?

Answer 6

1-2 days

Question 7

What is a healthy blood cell called?

Answer 7

Erythrocytes

Question 8

What is the red blood cells primary job?

Answer 8

Tissue oxygenation, the cell contains hemoglobin that Carrie’s gases and electrolytes

Question 9

How long does a red blood cell function within the body before degrading?

Answer 9

110-120 days

Question 10

What 2 groups are leukocytes divided into?

Answer 10

Agranular and Granular

Question 11

What is Disseminated intravascular coagulation?

Answer 11

Bleeding and thrombosis resulting from depletion of clotting factors, platelets and RBC

Question 12

What is the most common cause of DIC?

Answer 12

Sepsis, it’s 20% of all cases

Question 13

What causes DIC?

Answer 13

-sepsis
-obstetric complications
-traumatic injury
-miscellaneous (snakebite, shock, heat stroke, cardiac arrest)

Question 14

You are taking care of a vented pt when you noticed that they are bruising at old IV sites, their gums are bleeding as well, abdominal distension and hematuria. What is the dx?

Answer 14

DIC

Question 15

What are the clinic presentation of DIC ?

Answer 15

-bleeding
-epistaxis
-ecchymosis
-hemoptysis
-hematuria
-abdominal distention/ bruising at the flank
-hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 16

What is the Tx for DIC?

Answer 16

• Tx underlying cause
• Transfusion
• Heparin

Question 17

Why is acidosis on the Trauma triad of death?

Answer 17

It compromises the clotting process, accelerating fibrinogen consumption. Decreasing body’s ability to clot, making patient more coagulopathic

Question 18

What happens when the pt develops hypothermia while also having trauma?

Answer 18

Vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow to tissue, O2 is unable to be exchange putting the cells into an anaerobic state. Which increase Latin acid.

Question 19

How is coagulopathy Tx?

Answer 19

FFP and platelets

Question 20

What can happen if RBC hemolyze?

Answer 20

Hyperkalemia, which can cause lethal dysthymia’s

Question 21

______ can occur as a result from the citrate (preservative) in blood products, and it exacerbates coagulopathy

Answer 21

Hypocalcemia