Organic Chemistry Flashcards
August Kekule
cyclic structure of benzene
Robert Robinson
movement of electrons to show that is the driving force for chem rxn
constituted the concept of resonance in order to explain the structures of molecules or ions that are not accounted for by the octet rule
Linus Pauling
“localization” of electrons are
-shared between 2 atoms through covalent bond
-unshared e- belong to a single atom
what kind of structure is this?
Lewis Structure
“delocalization” of electrons
- e- are shared by several nuclei
- e- are distributed to achieve stable arrangement
ex. Ozone(O3)
What is this called?
Resonance
Determine whether each of the following statements pertaining to constitutional isomers is TRUE or FALSE.
[a.] They have the same molecular formula
[b.] They have the same molecular weight
[c.] They have the same connectivity to their atoms
[d.] They have the same physical properties
A: T, F, F, F
B: T, T, F, F
C: F, T, T, T
D: T, F, T, F
B: T, T, F, F
different compounds that share the same formula
Isomers
Isomers that differ in connectivity only is called _____________. While isomers that differs in orientation in space is called ___________. (ex. trans/cis)
_________ are mirror images but not superimposable (pag pinagpatong diff)
_________ are not mirror images
Constitutional - diff connectivity
Stereo - diff in orientation in space
Enantiomers - mirror image not superimposable
Diastereomers - not mirror images at all
Hydrocarbons
1. Aliphatic: “alephar” - Greek: fat
2. Aromatic
What are the 3 kinds of Aliphatic hydrocarbons?
- Alkanes - sat’d hydrocarbons
- Alkenes - double bond
- Alkynes - 3
Explain the difference in structure between a saturated hydrocarbon from an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
A: Any of these
B:A saturated hydrocarbon only contains carbon-carbon single bonds while anunsaturated hydrocarbon contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds
C: A saturated hydrocarbon is used mainl in cheaper forms of gasolines for vehicle use while unsaturated hydrocarbons compose most of the gasoline formulae used by current gasoline manufacturers
D: A saturated hydrocarbon can no longer accept any hydrocarbon or inorganic element, and compound while an unsaturated hydrocarbon is more flexible in reaction mechanisms
B
Which among the following can be the possible structures of a molecule that has the molecular formula C5H8?
A: Alkane and Alkene with a single double bond
B: Alkene with a single double bond and Alkyne with a single triple bond
C: Cycloalkane and an Alkene with two double bonds
D: Cycloalkene with a single double bond and two rings
D
Cn H_2n+2
Alkane
Cn H_2n
Alkene
Cn H_2n-2
Alkyne
Theorems:
1. For every double bond, the alkane loses 2H atoms
2. For every triple bond, the alkanes loses 4H atoms
3. For every ring formed, the alkane loses 2H atoms
- Alkene
- Alkyne
- Cycloalkane
