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AQA Chemistry > 3.14 Organic Synthesis ADD MAP > Flashcards

3.14 Organic Synthesis ADD MAP Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic synthesis?

A

Using reaction mechanisms to create a target molecule from a starting molecule

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2
Q

Why is the aim to keep the number of steps to form a molecule low?

A

Improve percentage yield of final product

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3
Q

What could cause the yield of an individual organic synthesis step to be low?

A

Product left in reaction mixture each time
Incomplete/reversible reactions

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4
Q

What is the main oxidising agent used in organic synthesis?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

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5
Q

What is the formula of acidified potassium dichromate?

A

K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄

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6
Q

What are primary alcohols oxidised to?

A

Alhedyes

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7
Q

What are secondary alcohols oxidised to?

A

Ketones

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8
Q

What are the 3 main reducing agents used in organic synthesis?

A

NaBH₄
H₂/Ni
Sn/HCl

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9
Q

What does NaBH₄ reduce?

A

C=O

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10
Q

What does H₂/Ni reduce?

A

C=C

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11
Q

What does Sn/HCl reduce?

A

NO₂ to NH₂

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12
Q

What are the two main dehydrating agents used in organic synthesis?

A

Al₂O₃
H₃PO₄

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13
Q

What could a compoud being solid indicate?

A

Long C chain
Ionic

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14
Q

What could a compound being liquid indicate?

A

Medium C chain
Polar bonding
Hydrogen

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15
Q

What could a compound being a has indicate?

A

Short C chain
Non-polar bonds

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16
Q

What does being water soluble indicate about a compound?

A

Polar groups

17
Q

What does being water insoluble indicate about a compound?

A

Non-polar groups

18
Q

What does a smoky flame when burnt suggest?

A

High C:H ratio
Possibly aromatic

19
Q

What does a non-smoky flame when burnt suggest?

A

Low C:H ratio
Not aromatic

20
Q

What is produced in the reaction of bromomethane in an excess of primary amine?

A

RNHCH₃
Only one substitution as amine in excess

AQA Chemistry (8 decks)

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