BIO 202 Unit 3 terms Flashcards

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1
Q

G1 phase

A

longest phase; when the cell is growing and metabolically active

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2
Q

S phase

A

when DNA synthesis (replication) takes place

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3
Q

G2 phase

A

cells prepare for cell division

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4
Q

M phase

A

cell division (mitosis or meiosis) occurs as well as cytokinesis

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5
Q

helicase

A

separates the two parental strands

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6
Q

single-strand binding proteins (SSBPs)

A

keep the separated parental strands from rejoining

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7
Q

topoisomerase

A

keeps the DNA strand that is not yet separated from coiling up

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8
Q

primase

A

RNA polymerase that creates RNA primer on the lagging strand

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9
Q

DNA pol III

A

synthesizes the leading strand; replaces RNA primer with DNA on the lagging strand

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10
Q

DNA pol I

A

extends the Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand

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11
Q

DNA ligase

A

zips the DNA back up

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12
Q

in which direction is DNA synthesized?

A

5’-3’ where new pieces are added onto the 3’ end

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13
Q

chromosome

A

a piece of a genome

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14
Q

gene

A

a specific region of a chromosome where the sequences of bases in that region contain the information to make a unique RNA

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15
Q

genome

A

the entire genetic information of a cell in the sequences of bases in DNA

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16
Q

homolog/homologous chromosomes

A

same in shape or size, but have slightly different alleles

17
Q

alleles

A

alternate versions of a gene

18
Q

karyotype

A

number and types of chromosomes in a cell

19
Q

chromatid

A

a double-stranded DNA copy of a replicated chromosome

20
Q

sister chromatids

A

identical pieces of a replicated chromosome that are attached to each other; when separated they become individual chromosomes

21
Q

diploid cells

A

2n; have two of each chromosome type

22
Q

haploid cells

A

n; have one of each chromosome type

23
Q

what is the difference between homologous chromosomes/pairs and sister chromatids?

A

homologous pairs are not identical; sister chromatids are identical

24
Q

independent assortment

A

alleles of different genes don’t stay together when gametes form