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Year 2- Dermatology > Introduction to Dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What adnexal structures are part of the skin?

A

Hair
Nails
Glands
Sensory structures

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2
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

What determines skin colour?

A

Melanin

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4
Q

What are the two types of melanin pigmentation?

A

Eumelanin
Phemelanin

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5
Q

In darker skin tones, is there more eumelanin or phemelanin?

A

Eumelanin

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6
Q

What are the three phases of the hair cycle?

A

Anagen
Catagen
Telogen

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7
Q

Anagen?

A

Active growing phase

80-90% of hair in this stage

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8
Q

Catagen?

A

2-3 week phase growth stops and the follicle shrinks

1-3% of hair

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9
Q

Telogen?

A

Resting phase for 1-4 months
UP to 10% of hair in a normal scalp

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10
Q

Functions of the skin?

A

Thermoregulation- insulation and heat transfer
Skin immune system
Barrier- protection but also keeps in water and electrolytes
Sensation
Interpersonal communication e.g. physical appearance, smell

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11
Q

What vitamin synthesis does the skin play a role in?

A

The synthesis of vitamin D

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12
Q

How does the skin have a role in vitamin D synthesis?

A

UV light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol

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13
Q

List some external causes of skin disease.

A

Temperature
UV light
Chemicals- allergen or irritant
Infection
Trauma

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14
Q

What are some of the internal causes of internal disease?

A

Systemic disease
Genetics
Drugs
Infection
Autoimmune conditions

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15
Q

What can cause skin photosensitivity?

A

Medications

->usually only exposed sites affected, often under the chin and behind ears are spared so worth checking is suspecting due to photosensitivty

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16
Q

Which types of light can cause photosensitivity?

A

UVA, UVB or visible light or a combination of these

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17
Q

List some skin conditions which can be caused for external causes.

A

Cold injury e.g. frostbite, chilblains
Skin necrosis
Cold urticaria

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18
Q

Which type of photosensitivity does suncream help with?

A

UVB photosensitivity

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19
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.
Vesicle?

A

Small fluid filled lesions

20
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.
Bulla?

A

Large fluid filled lesion

21
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Pustule?

A

Small pus filled lesion

22
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Abscess?

A

Large pus filled lesion

23
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Erosion?

A

Loss of epidermis

24
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Ulcer?

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

25
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Macule?

A

Non-palpable change in skin colour with distinct borders

26
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Palpule?

A

Palpable, solid lesion <1cm in diameter

27
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Plaque?

A

Palpable, solid lesion >1cm in diameter

28
Q

The following terms can be used to describe skin lesions.

Nodule?

A

Palpable lesion >1cm in diameter which is taller than it is wide

29
Q

What is the size difference between a bulla and vesicle?

A

Vesicle <1cm
Bulla >1cm

->most of these definitions mean small <1cm and large >1cm

30
Q

List some of the most common skin conditions.

A

Acne
Psoriasis
Rosacea
Skin lesions
Urticaria
Warts
Leg ulcers
Scalp/nail disorders
Eczema
Infections

31
Q

What is the treatment of an abscess?

A

Incision and drainage

32
Q

What is meant by the distribution of dermatosis?

A

How the lesions are scattered are spread out

e.g. are they all close together or spread in different parts of the body

33
Q

What is Acanthosis Nigricans?

A

Hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentation and papules
Velvet-like appearance
Dark brown/grey

34
Q

What is Acanthosis Nigricans associated with?

A

Insulin resistance
Obesity
Malignancy

35
Q

List some conditions in which skin signs can point towards the condition.

A

Erythema Nodosum
Sarcoidosis
Vasculitis
Malignancy
Autoimmune conditions

36
Q

If a patient has eruptive xanthoma, many papules (small raised), what might you suspect as an underlying cause?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

37
Q

What are some investigations used in dermatology if bacterial infection is suspected?

A

Charcoal swab
Microscopy, culture and sensitives of the swab

38
Q

What are some investigations used in dermatology if viral infection is suspected?

A

Viral swab for PCR
If systemic illness, take a throat swab

->can swab vesicle/bulla if vesicular eruption

39
Q

What are some investigations used in dermatology if fungal infection is suspected?

A

Skin scraping
Nail clipping
Hair sample

Fungal cultures of each

40
Q

What is a simple method used to take a skin biopsy?

A

Punch biopsy

41
Q

Going back to skin structure, what is the role of the subcutaneous tissue?

A

Fat energy store
Insulation
Fibrous bands which anchor skin to fascia

42
Q

What is the predominant cell type in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

43
Q

What are the three types of cell in the
dermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanosomes
Langerhans cells

44
Q

What do Langerhan cells do?

A

Process antigens and migrate to lymph noses to induce an immune response

45
Q

What do melanocytes make?

A

Melanosomes (collections of melanin)

46
Q
A

Year 2- Dermatology (10 decks)

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