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HEALTH SCI 3025 > CHAPTER 13: Manipulative and Body Based Therapies > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13: Manipulative and Body Based Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Method of treatment for chiropractic medicine

A

relieve blockage by using spinal manipulations or adjustments

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2
Q

what is chiropractic medicine

A

method of treatment based on the belief that the nervous system (spinal column, nerves), skeletal system (bones, joints) and muscular system interact and if that interaction is blocked disease and pain will occur

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3
Q

subluxation

A

one or more bones of the spine that have moved out of position and cause pressure on or irritate the spinal nerves

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4
Q

adjustment

A

process of manipulating misaligned vertebrae or other joints in the body back into place (ex. wrist bones and joints)

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5
Q

what 3 body systems are involved

A

nervous system (spinal column, nerves)
Muscular system (muscles, ligaments, tendons)
Skeletal System (bones, joints)

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6
Q

what are bonesetters

A

people who set broken bones without surgery

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7
Q

Daniel David Palmer (1845-1913)

A
  • founded concept of chiropractic medicine in 1895
  • manipulated vertebrae back into place to ‘cure’ patients
  • he believed spinal manipulations could cure 95% of all diseases
  • opened palmar school of chiropractic in 1898
  • in 1906 was jailed for treating people w out a lisence
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8
Q

primary belief of chiropractic philosophy

A

using natural and conservative methods to allow the body to heal without medicine or surgery

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9
Q

two straight camps

A

objective straights: focus solely on correction of chiropractic verterbral sublaxations

traditional: chiropractic adjustments are a plausible treatment for a wide range of diseases

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10
Q

3 camps of chiropractic philosophy

A
  1. chiropractic straights
  2. chiropractic mixers
  3. reform chiropractic (offshoot of mixers)
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11
Q

Chiropractic Straights (15%)

A
  • focus solely on the correction of vertebral subluxations
  • more modern
  • dont claim sublaxations cause any disease
  • follow palmers doctrine
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12
Q

Chiropractic Mixers (majority)

A
  • supported by the ACA
  • diseases is CAUSED by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses)
  • subluxations cause lower resistance to disease or cause neurological imbalance
  • use spinal adjustments and other physical/mechanical adjuncts
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13
Q

Reform Chiropractic

A
  • offshoot of mixers
  • rejected the palmer philosophy
  • promote scientific studies and practice and most biomedical
  • recommended chiropractic care for musculoskeletal disorders
  • spinal joint dysfunction was not cause for disease

new profession? -> orthapractic group

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14
Q

vaccination and fluoridation

A

Process of adjusting amount of fluoride in your drinking water to decrease tooth decay, controversial because some people believe just ingesting the floruride can cause some toxic effects

  • many chiro are opposed to vaccination, dont promote the use
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15
Q

4 Chiropractic Techniques

A
  1. basic chiropractic adjustments
  2. thompson chiropractic technique
  3. cox flexion/distraction chiropractic technique
  4. gonstead chiropractic technique
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16
Q

Basic Chiropractic adjustments

A

manual and mechanical procedures usually directed at specific joints
- combination most used is high velocity, short lever and low force

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17
Q

Thompson Chiropractic Technique

A
  • aka Drop-Table Technique
  • analyzes the length of legs and then uses drop table for adjustment
  • high velocity, low force
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18
Q

cox flexion/distraction chiropractic technique

A
  • restore range in motion in joints and muscles
  • uses special table that flexes and bends various joints
  • Restore herniated discs,
    reduce headaches, and
    improve posture
  • Low velocity, low force
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19
Q

gonstead chiropractic technique

A
  • application of different levels of pressure to address subluxations
  • increase muscle and joint mobility
  • short lever, high velocity, low force
  • uses tables and patient is sitting up
20
Q

chiropractic activator

A
  • mechanical chiropractic aid
  • small tool that delivers a light and measured force to correct a misalignment
  • gently and painlessly moves the vertebrae
21
Q

active release technique (ART)

A

designed to treat scar tissue adhesions that can cause symptoms such as pain, weakness and restricted range of motion
- uses motion and hands on muscle manipulation of the affected part

22
Q

dry needling

A
  • inserting acupuncture needle into the affected area
  • break the muscle tension and tone to promote scar tissue changes
23
Q

contraindications of chiropractic practice

A
  • osteoporosis
  • inflammation in spinal cord
  • increased risk of stroke
  • bleeding abnormalities
  • spinal malignancy
24
Q

adverse effects of chiropractic practice

A
  • headaches
  • back pain
  • horse tail
  • local discomfort
  • sleep issues
25
Q

process of becoming a chiropractor

A
  1. undergrad bachelors degree
  2. graduate doctor of chiropractic degree 4-5 years
    - classroom, lab and clinical experience
  3. National board exam
  4. register with regions board
  5. meet all licensing requirements
26
Q

benefits of chiropractic care

A
  • effective for back and neck pain
  • decrease frequency of headaches
  • does not require drugs
  • considered a natural treatment
  • chiropractors can develop close relationship with patients
27
Q

critics thoughts on chiropractic

A

American Medical Association (AMA) began a campaign to discredit the profession

“sore throat” leaked materials that revealed AMA tactics

28
Q

origins of massage

A
  1. Hippocrates (460-370 BCE)
    - reported that anatripsis was most effective for massage
  2. Per Henrik Ling (1776-1839)
    - developed the swedish massage and swedish gymnastics
  3. swedish gymnastics
29
Q

pros of chiropractic care

A
  • effective for back and neck pain
  • decrease frequency of headaches
  • doesn’t require drugs and considered natural
30
Q

cons of chiropractic care

A
  • has not been scientifically proven and could deter people from seeking medical advice
  • rigorous course of study
31
Q

western massage

A

healing system that addresses the body through anatomy, physiology and pathology
- more soothing and calming

  • swedish massage
  • myofascial release
  • esalen massage
  • holistsic massage
32
Q

eastern massage

A

healing based on energy flow and balance between human mind and body
- focus on direct and focused pressure, more stimulating

  • ayurvedic massage
  • tunia therapy
  • lomi lomi massage
  • shiatsu massage
33
Q

massage therapists are not allowed to:

A

diagnose conditions, prescribe drugs, conduct spinal or joint manipulation

34
Q

Effleurage

A

light friction technique, made up of long, stroking movements which are performed using a flat hand or fingers
- used to increase the flow of lymphatic system

35
Q

petrissage

A

massage technique in which deep pressure is applied to tissue and underlying muscle
- treating muscle knots or spasms
- uses a squeezing technique

36
Q

percussion

A

slight striking the body using diff parts of the hands, keeping wrists loose
- tapotement is a superfifical for of percussion

37
Q

how to become a massage therapist

A
  1. high school diploma
  2. massage therapy program
  3. complete required training hours
  4. mandatory certification examinations (College of Massage Therapists of Ontario)
38
Q

what does the research show

A
  • older people benefit from it
  • pregnant people benefit
  • lowering blood glucose levels w children w diabetes

studies have limitations: small samples, inadequate control groups, lack of follow up studies

39
Q

benefits of massage therapy

A
  • eliminate waste products (e.g. lactic acid)
  • improves circulation
  • simulate lympth system
  • enhance sense of well being
  • reduce stress
  • improve mood and sleep patterns
  • reduce back pain
40
Q

what is reflexology

A

form of massage that involves applying pressure to points on the feet, hands and ears
- body is divided into 10 energy loops
- pressure points

41
Q

origins of reflexology

A

eunice ingham
- renamed zone therapy as reflexology
- figured out that applying pressure to reflex points could have a much wider effect on the body than just pain relief
- published findings in her book

42
Q

zone therapy

A

body is divided into 10 vertical zones, running from the tips of the toes to the top of the head

43
Q

what is reflexology

A

type of therapy that involved applying different amounts of pressure to the feet, hands and ears
- help health issues naturally
- preventative measures
- no known side effects
- typical session lasts 30-60 mins

44
Q

is there a licensing to become a reflexologist

A

NO licensing laws require special reflexology training
- ARCB - has a written and practical examination in both hands and feet

45
Q

research on reflexology

A

shown to be effective on anxiety and pain in 23 patients with breast and lung cancer

did not show as a good treatment for lower back pain or IBS

HEALTH SCI 3025 (18 decks)

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