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AP GOV UNIT 3 > UNIT 3 Generic Topics + Examples > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Generic Topics + Examples Flashcards

1
Q

Civil Society

A

all non-government groups, associations, and institutions that citizens form, join, and participate in

connection between state/political, economic interests, and family/personal/social

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2
Q

Civil Society Examples

A

NGOs, churches, charities, interest groups, media, civic organizations

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3
Q

AP College Board Theme (Unit 3)

A

LIBERTY + ORDER
- striking the ever-moving balance and acknowledging the tension

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4
Q

NGOS (Non-Governmental Organization)

A

any non-profit, voluntary citizen groups which are organized on the local, national or international level

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5
Q

NGO Responsibilites

A
  • service and humanitarian functions
  • bring citizen concerns to gov.
  • advocate/monitor policies
  • encourage political participation
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6
Q

Why is civil society important?

A

1) Discussion and exchange of ideas (very participatory)

2) Checking gov. power (ACCOUNTABILITY)

3) Key Driver in democratization (!!!)
- individualism and collectivism
- people taking action and changing
systems

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7
Q

Save the Children NGO

A

improve the lives of children through healthcare, education, aid, and economic development

120 Countries

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8
Q

Doctors Without Borders NGO

A

work in conflict zones, areas affected by natural disasters, and endemic diseases and focus on health, malnutrition, vaccines, and more

70+ Countries

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9
Q

Amnesty International NGO

A

promote and protect human rights through awareness campaigns and mobilizing the public against torture, death penalty, police brutality, and climate justice

150+ Countries

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10
Q

Politics

A

the struggles between individuals or groups to have the power to make decisions

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11
Q

Political Culture

A
  • collective attitudes, values, and beliefs of the citizenry
  • norms of behavior IN the political system (EX: question time in the UK)
  • sets expectations about the exercise of power to establish a balance between SOCIAL ORDER and INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY
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12
Q

Shapers of Political Culture

A
  • THE RIGHTS OF THE INDVIDUAL (INDIVIDUALISM VC COLLECTIVISM)
  • geography, race, class, age, education, language, history, sexuality, tradition, media, health
  • HDI, GINI, TI, FST, FH
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13
Q

Political Socialization

A

PROCESS !

the lifelong process through which our opinions/beliefs/values are formed and shaped by interactions with family, friends, teachers, co-workers, etc. (shapes culture)

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14
Q

Political Socialization per CollegeBoard

A

Though many agents of socialization are similar across regime types, authoritarian regimes apply more concerned gov. pressures to socialize their citizens around conforming beliefs than democratic regimes

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15
Q

Political Socialization Examples: UK

A
  • Brexit
  • Devolution
  • Gradualism
  • SNAP! elections
  • Separation of church and state
  • Monarch
    -Social class
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16
Q

Political Socialization Examples: Nigeria

A
  • Military
  • British colonization
  • Parastatal corruption
  • Cleft country
  • Islam (Sunni VS Shia)
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17
Q

Political Socialization Examples: Mexico

A
  • NAFTA
  • Liberation Theology
  • Indigenous Rights (Mestizo)
  • Revolution
  • Foreign investment
  • Secular state
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18
Q

Political Socialization Examples: Russia

A
  • USSR
  • Communism
  • Glasnost
  • Reforms and relapse (LGBTQ)
  • Gov. censorship
  • Federalism
    -STRENGTH
19
Q

Political Socialization Examples: China

A
  • Consumerism
  • Meritocracy
  • “One Child Policy”
  • Maoism / Confucian /Thought
  • Cultural Revolution
  • Guanxi
  • Tiananmen Square
20
Q

Political Socialization Examples: Iran

A
  • Green Revolution
  • Theocracy (Sunni VS Shia)
  • Iranian Revolution
  • Operation AJAX
  • Ayatollahs
  • Social media
  • Oil
  • Brain Drain
21
Q

Political Ideology

A

the underlying beliefs, values, attitudes, and patterns of behavior people have about the goals of gov. + policy

“the isms”

22
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture

downsides: overtones of superiority and closed mind to other races and cultures

23
Q

Consensual Political Culture

A

issues that most people can agree on

24
Q

Conflictual Political Culture

A

issues that cause friction and cleavages

25
Q

Political Ideology Shapers

A

Artistic (Renaissance) –> Religious (Protestant Revolution) –> Scientific (Scientific Revolution) –> the ENLIGHTENMENT

26
Q

Indiviualism

A

belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over gov. restrictions
- meritocracy
- self interest
- classic liberalism and modern conservatism

27
Q

Pros of Individualism

A
  • encourages innovation
  • autonomy / sovereignty
  • individual liberties
  • self-reliance
  • sense of identity
  • meritocracy
28
Q

Cons of Individualism

A
  • Isolation
  • Loss of support system
  • promotes selfishness
  • less motivation for gov. intervention/support
29
Q

Neoliberalism

A

used to refer to market-oriented reforms in shaping to create a framework between private enterprise and public authority
- taxation
- privatization
- free trade
- de-regulation (aka “rollback”)
- “trickle down economics”

30
Q

Austerity

A

set of policies with the aim of reducing gov. budget deficits (relationship with neoliberalism)
- include spending cuts and tax increases
- way to appeal to creditors

31
Q

Neoliberalism Positives

A
  • fosters private enterprises
  • lower taxation
  • promotes free trade
32
Q

Neoliberalism Negatives

A
  • income inequality
  • rolls back protections
  • bad for the environment
33
Q

Communism

A

a political and economic system that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on communal ownership + limited private property

34
Q

Communism PROS

A
  • closes socio-economic gaps
  • eliminates poverty
  • provides “peace of mind” via economic/social security
  • reduces exploitation of workers via communal ownership
35
Q

Communism CONS

A
  • not feasible
  • hinders goals…self actualization
  • demotivates profit and competition
36
Q

Socialism

A

an economic ideology that allows collective/gov. state ownership (gov. owns means of production and operates them for the benefit of the public
- does away with profit motivation and competition
- workplaces controlled by gov. somewhat
- is feasible because of political/state apparatus

37
Q

Socialism AP CB Definiton

A

belief in the reduction of income disparities and the nationalization of major private industries

38
Q

Fascism

A

Extreme nationalism, authoritarian, the rights of the majority over the minority
- considers the individual secondary to the interests of the state, the party
- antimulticulturalism
- supremacy of a leader

39
Q

Fascism Economic Outlook

A
  • oppose laissez faire economics
  • gov. control over the economy without completely taking over
  • nationalized some key industries, managed currency, state investments
  • introduced economic planning measures like price and wage control
40
Q

Populism

A

the belief that those with power exploit the people
- socially conservative, economically liberal
- better at diagnosis, not so much at solution

41
Q

Cult of Personality

A

manufactured heroic public image, excessive hero worship, often found in authoritarian states
- can lead to tyranny of the majority
- does not mean morally right

42
Q

Materialism

A

1st: Material matter is all there is
2nd!!: desire for fulfillment of material needs
3rd: historical materialism (Marxist)

43
Q

Post-Scarcity

A

a (theoretical) condition where materials are soooo abundant, that most commodities are commonplace

44
Q

Post-Materialism

A

there was a generational shift on what mattered to post-industrial societies (values)
- political freedom and participation
- self-actualization and expression/creativity
- personal relationships
- care for the environment
- less focus on materialism/money

gave high priority to values such as citizen input into gov.

AP GOV UNIT 3 (2 decks)

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