Exam 3 TopHat Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding vertebrate digestive system evolution?

Answer 1

Suspension feeding includes the cilia-mucus mechanism. This mechanism evolved into the pharyngeal muscular pump. The pharyngeal muscular pump evolved into jaws.

Question 2

Will the boxer puppy with the left lip be able to suckle milk normally? Physical exam finding?

Answer 2

No; abnormal physical exam findings - upper and lower respiratory tract infections possible.

Question 3

True or False:

Salivary gland secretions are modified in the striated ducts. Simple columnar duct epithelium provides Na+ and Cl- reabsorption as well as K+ and HCO3- secretion into the duct lime.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What happens if deciduous teeth are retained?

Answer 4

Abnormal eruption of permanent teeth with abnormal occlusion.

Question 5

How does distemper virus cause decalcification of teeth?

Answer 5

1) Puppies with pyrexia (fever) when the ameloblasts are making enamel at 8-14 weeks old.

2) Enamel hypoplasia is apparent when the puppies survive into young adult dogs.

Question 6

ENS nerve plexuses contain sensory receptors located in GI smooth muscle that…

Answer 6

Respond to stretch and tension.

Question 7

What is the structure and function of the ENS myenteric plexus?

Answer 7

Located between inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. Controls GI motility.

Question 8

True or False:

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are cholinergic. Parasympathetic post ganglionic neurons are also cholinergic.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which is the FALSE statement regarding enterochromaffin cells and 5-HT (serotonin)?

Answer 9

Leads to decreased stimulation of myenteric neurons to increase GI motility.

Question 10

Which statement is not consistent with interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)?

Answer 10

Forms a cellular network around the submucosal plexus in the space between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers.

Question 11

Which statement is FALSE regarding slow waves, action potentials, and smooth muscle contractions?

Answer 11

Slow waves occur in the same frequency in all portions of the GI tract.

Question 12

True or False:

Afferent receptors of the enterogastric reflex are located in the gastric mucosa and are activated by low pH, high osmolality, and the presence of fat.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Which statement is FALSE regarding the migrating motility complex (MMC)?

Answer 13

Meal consumption stimulates MMC

Question 14

True or False:

Gastric acid (HCl) secretion is maximally stimulated by parietal cell receptor binding of ACh, gastrin and histamine.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

NSAIDS cause a decrease in prostaglandin synthesis leading to the inability of surface mucus cells to secrete mucus leading to gastric ulceration. How does a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) help when added to the clinical management plan?

Answer 15

Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump

Question 16

When receptor binding sites on the surfaces of pancreatic acinar, centroacinar, or duct cells are occupied by certain ligands, pancreatic secretions are stimulated. What are the ligands?

Answer 16

Ach, CCK and secretin.

Question 17

Emetic drugs will directly stimulate ________ to induce vomiting.

Answer 17

Chemoreceptor trigger zone.

Question 18

True or False:

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a cytosolic and membranous enzyme in the liver. ALP is elevated in pancreatitis due to spread of inflammation from the bile duct to the hepatocytes.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Emulsification provided by bile acids function to?

Answer 19

Increase surface area by solubilizing products of fat digestion.

Question 20

Which statement about the tight junctions is FALSE?

Answer 20

Tight junctions are impermeable to water.

Question 21

Which molecule is consumed during the process of hydrolytic digestion?

Answer 21

Water