Unit 5 Lesson 4 Division and Inequality

Question 1

. During the war, unions had worked with the government to keep production high. Labor’s cooperation contributed to victory. In return, union leaders expected the government to support labor. What actually happened?

Answer 1

During the war, wages had not kept up with prices. Now, with the war over, workers demanded higher pay. When employers refused, unions launched a wave of strikes. Management moved quickly to crush the strikes. Because the government did not step in to help them, workers felt betrayed and management gained power.

Question 1

Farmers were hit the hardest. During World War I, Europeans had bought American farm products, sending prices up. Farmers borrowed money to buy more land and tractors. They planned to pay off these loans with profits from increased production. Why couldnt the farmers pay off the loans?

Answer 1

When the war ended, however, European farmers were again able to produce enough for their own needs. As a result, prices for American farm products dropped sharply throughout the 1920s. Farmers were unable to pay their debts. By the end of the decade, the farmers’ share of national income had shrunk by almost half.

Question 2

What happened in 1919, in the city of Boston?

Answer 2

In 1919, the city of Boston fired 19 police officers who had tried to join the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Boston police struck in protest. The sight of police leaving their posts shocked the country.

Question 3

How much did union memebership drop?

Answer 3

membership in independent unions dropped from 5 million in 1920 to 3.4 million by 1929. Without strong unions, labor had little power to win higher wages.

Question 4

Why did the membership of unions drop so much?

Answer 4

In one court case after another, judges limited the rights of unions. At the same time, employers created company unions, labor organizations that were actually controlled by management.

Question 5

What are company unions?

Answer 5

labor organizations that were actually controlled by management

Question 6

What was Charles Darwins?

Answer 6

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin, a British scientist, had claimed that all life had evolved, or developed, from simpler forms over a long period of time.

Question 7

How did the chruch VS biologists react to Darwins theory?

Answer 7

While biologists accepted Darwin’s theory, some churches condemned it, saying it contradicted the teachings of the Bible.

Question 8

What did Tennessse, Mississppi, and Arkansas do about teaching of Darwin’s theory?

Answer 8

Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas passed laws that banned the teaching of Darwin’s theory.

Question 9

What did John Scopes do?

Answer 9

In 1925, John Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, taught evolution to his class. Scopes was arrested and tried.

Question 10

How did the Scopes go?

Answer 10

Two of the nation’s best-known figures opposed each other in the Scopes trial. William Jennings Bryan, who had run for President three times, argued the state’s case against Scopes. Clarence Darrow, a Chicago lawyer who had helped unions and radicals, defended Scopes.

As the trial began, the nation’s attention was riveted on Dayton. Reporters recorded every word of the battle between Darrow and Bryan. “Scopes isn’t on trial,” Darrow thundered at one point, “civilization is on trial.”
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In the end, Scopes was convicted and fined. The laws against teaching evolution were defeated, or overruled, in later years.
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Question 11

What wartmie worries led to a growing fear of foreigners?

Answer 11

During World War I, Americans had been on the alert for enemy spies and sabotage, or the secret destruction of property or interference with work in factories

Question 12

Why did many Americans see the strikes that swept the nation as the start of a communist revolution?

Answer 12

The rise of communism in the Soviet Union fanned that fear. Lenin, the communist leader, called on workers everywhere to overthrow their governments. Many Americans saw the strikes that swept the nation as the start of a communist revolution.

Question 13

Who were anarchists, and how did they make people feel about foreginers?

Answer 13

The actions of anarchists, or people who oppose organized government, added to the sense of danger. Because many anarchists were foreign-born, their attacks led to an outcry against all foreigners.

Question 14

How did the government react to the actions of anarchists and Communists?

Answer 14

The government took harsh actions against both anarchists and Communists, or “reds.” During the red scare, thousands of radicals were arrested and jailed. Many foreigners were deported, or expelled from the country.

Question 15

What happened during the trail of Sacco and Vanzetti?

Answer 15

The trial of two Italian immigrants in Massachusetts came to symbolize the antiforeign feeling of the 1920s. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested for robbery and murder in 1920. The two men admitted being anarchists but insisted they had committed no crime. A jury convicted them, however. Sacco and Vanzetti were then sentenced to death.

Question 16

How did the trail of Sacco and Vanzetti make Americans feel?

Answer 16

The Sacco and Vanzetti trial created a furor across the nation. The evidence against the two men was limited. The judge was openly prejudiced against the two immigrants. Many Americans thought that Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted, not because they were guilty, but because they were immigrants and radicals. some Americans felt the case proved that the United States had to keep out dangerous radicals.

Question 17

After the war, millions of Europeans hoped to find a better life in the United States. American workers feared that too many newcomers would force wages down. Others worried that communists and anarchists would flood in. What did US do?

Answer 17

Congress responded by passing the Emergency Quota Act in 1921. The act set up a quota system that allowed only a certain number of people from each country to enter the United States. Only 3 percent of the people in any national group already living in the United States in 1910 could be admitted.

Question 18

The quota system favored which people?

Answer 18

The quota system favored immigrants from northern Europe, especially Britain.

Question 19

What law did congress pass in 1924?

Answer 19

In 1924, Congress passed new laws that further cut immigration, especially from eastern Europe, which was seen as a center of anarchism and communism. In addition, Japanese were added to the list of Asians denied entry to the country.

Question 20

What was the quota system?

Answer 20

The act set up a quota system that allowed only a certain number of people from each country to enter the United States.

Question 21

What led many hispanics to immigrant to the US?

Answer 21

Latin Americans and Canadians were not included in the quota system. As a result, Mexican immigrants continued to move to the United States. Farms and factories in the Southwest depended on Mexican workers. The pay was low, and the housing was poor. Still, immigrants were drawn by the chance to earn more money than they could at home. By 1930, a million or more Mexicans had crossed the border.

Question 22

What did the Jones Act of 1917 do?

Answer 22

The Jones Act of 1917 granted American citizenship to Puerto Ricans. Poverty on the island led to a great migration to the north. In 1910, about 1,500 Puerto Ricans lived on the mainland. By 1930, there were about 53,000.

Question 23

What did African American soilders do when they came back home?

Answer 23

As African American soldiers returned from serving their country in the war, they began demanding equal rights. This, along with the large African American migration to northern cities, led to heightened racial tension and race riots.

Question 24

Why did the Ku Klux Klan come back?

Answer 24

Fear of change gave new life to an old organization. In 1915, a group of white men in Georgia declared the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan. The original Klan had used terror to keep African Americans from voting after the Civil War. The new Klan had a broader aim: to preserve the United States for white, native-born Protestants.

Question 25

Who else did the Klan target?

Answer 25

The new Klan waged a campaign not only against African Americans, but also against immigrants, especially Catholics and Jews. Klan members burned crosses outside people’s homes. They used whippings and lynchings to terrorize immigrants and African Americans.

Question 26

What did the Klan strongly support?

Answer 26

The Klan strongly supported efforts to limit immigration.

Question 27

because of the Klan’s large mebership..

Answer 27

Because of its large membership, the Klan gained political influence. In the mid-1920s, however, many Americans became alarmed at the Klan’s growing power.

Question 28

Why was the Klan losing membership?

Answer 28

At the same time, scandals surfaced that showed Klan leaders had stolen money from members. Klan membership dropped sharply.

Question 29

African Americans had hoped that their service during World War I would weaken racism at home. What really happened?

Answer 29

However, returning African American soldiers found that the South was still a segregated society. In the North, too, racial prejudice was widespread.

Question 30

What was the great migration, when did it take place?

Answer 30

Many African Americans moved north during and after the war. The large-scale movement north of African Americans during the early to mid-1900s is known as the Great Migration.

Question 31

What jobs did African Americans take during the Great Migration?

Answer 31

African Americans took factory jobs in Chicago, Detroit, New York, Philadelphia, and other large cities. They often found that the only jobs open to them were low-paying ones.

Question 32

How did white northern people react to coming of many African to the north?

Answer 32

Many northern white workers felt threatened by the arrival of so many African Americans. Racial tension grew. In 1919, race riots broke out in several cities. The worst took place in Chicago, leaving 38 dead.

Question 33

Why are there so many black cities up north?

Answer 33

At the same time, many African Americans newly arrived from the South wanted to live near one another. As a result, areas with large African American populations grew up in many northern cities.

Question 34

Who was Marcus Garvey?

Answer 34

Marcus Garvey became one of the most popular African American leaders. He started the first widespread black nationalist movement in the United States. Garvey organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association. He hoped to promote unity and pride among African Americans. He believed that African Americans needed to rely on themselves rather than white people to get ahead. “I am the equal of any white man,” Garvey said.
Garvey urged African Americans to seek their roots in Africa. Although few black Americans actually went to Africa, Garvey’s “Back to Africa” movement built racial pride.

Question 35

Describe the candiates of the 1928 election?

Answer 35

• Smith, the grandson of Irish, Italian, and German immigrants, was the first Catholic to run for President. City dwellers, including many immigrants and Catholics, rallied around Smith.
• Hoover was a self-made millionaire from the Midwest who was respected for his management skill working to supply troops during World War I. He won votes from rural Americans and big business. Supporters of Prohibition also supported Hoover because Smith favored repeal.

Question 36

How was it like for African Americans to find housing?

Answer 36

Also, due to discrimination, there were only a few neighborhoods where landlords would rent apartments to African Americans.