Impact of Napoleon's rule on France Flashcards

1
Q

Plebiscite of 1800

A
  • Opportunity to legitimise Coup of Brumaire
  • Votes declared in public
  • 25% of electorate voted
  • 99.9% voted in favour of constitution
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2
Q

Consul for Life

A
  • 1802
  • Senate offered NB ‘Consul for Life’ and right to name his heir
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3
Q

Emperor status

A
  • 1804
  • NB accepted title of ‘Emperor of the French’
  • Due to ‘pressure of public opinion’
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4
Q

Where and when was Napoleon crowned Emperor

A
  • 1804
  • Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
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5
Q

Senatus Consultum

A
  • 1801
  • Blocked Tribunate and Legislative Body
  • Offered his supporters positions in Senate
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6
Q

Napoleon’s purge of government

A
  • 1802
  • After criticism of his laws
  • Removed 20 from Tribunate
  • Removed 60 from Legislative Body
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7
Q

Napoleon changing voting qualifications

A
  • 1802
  • Changed constitution of Year X
  • Gave more political power to Notables
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8
Q

What happened to the Tribunate under Napoleon

A

Abolished in 1810

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9
Q

Treatment of Jacobins under Napoleon

A
  • Spies targeted potential Jacobin groups
  • 1801: 129 Jacobin leaders arrested and deported to Seychelles
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10
Q

Treatment of Royalists under Napoleon

A
  • 1800: Comte de Provence assured he would not return to France
  • 1800: General Brune sent to suppress royalist rebels in Britanny, 6000 prisoners taken and 750 shot
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11
Q

Comte de Provence

A

Brother of Louis XVI

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12
Q

Order of the Legion d’Honneur

A
  • 1802
  • Military and civil award
  • 32,000 awarded
  • 1500 to civilians
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13
Q

Imperial Nobility

A
  • Established 1808
  • Awarding of titles
  • Ministers, senators, archbishops…
  • 59% titles given to military men
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14
Q

Napoleon’s education reforms

A
  • 45 lycées set up
  • 1808: Imperial University
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15
Q

What were Lycées

A
  • Selective boarding schools
  • Future military and civilian personnel
  • 2400/6400 places went to sons of soldiers and civil personnel
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16
Q

Napoleon’s attitude to women

A
  • 1804: Civil code allowed women some control over their own property after marriage
  • Divorce by mutual consent
17
Q

Napoleon’s censorship and propaganda

A
  • 1800: Parisian newspapers reduced from 73 to 13
  • 1810: Censorship board set up to approve or reject books
18
Q

The Concordat

A
  • 1801
  • Pope recognised as ‘head of Catholic Church’ - but promised not to reclaim Church lands
  • Catholic worship recognised as ‘religion of the majority’
19
Q

Organic Articles

A
  • 1802
  • All seminaries to be government regulated
  • Guaranteed religious toleration to 700,000 Protestants and 40,000 Jews
20
Q

Civil Code

A
  • 1804
  • Confirmed:
    1. Abolition of feudalism
    2. Secularisation of the state
    3. Equality before law
21
Q

Position of Church during Ancien Regime vs after Concordat

A

AR - 150 bishops and 130,000 clergy
Concordat - 60 bishops and 36,000 priests

21
Q

How was the Civil Code controversial

A
  • Father/husband confirmed as head of family
  • Female rights of inheritance restricted
22
Q

Criminal Code

A
  • 1808
  • Maintained practice of trial by jury
  • Major cases - jury selected by prefects
  • Permitted arrest without trial
23
Q

Gendarmerie

A
  • Everyday law enforcement
  • Enforced conscription
24
Q

Administrative police

A
  • Secret police force responsible for surveillance
  • Intercept letters and seek out political opposition
  • Towns > 5000 inhabitants controlled by a commisioner
25
Q

Taxation under Napoleon

A
  • High taxes needed to fund war/Empire
  • 1803: Octrois replaced personal property tax
  • Taxes on alcohol, salt and tobacco quadrupled
26
Q

Money supply under Napoleon

A
  • 1800: Bank of France established to provide credit for government and entreprenuers
  • 1803: Metal Coinage established
27
Q

‘Special courts’

A
  • 1801
  • For ‘Suppression of brigandage’
  • Worked without juries
  • Had power to impose death penalty
28
Q

Judges under Napoleon

A

Judges in civil and criminal courts appointed for life