PERFUSION CARDIAC OUTPUT(EXAM2)

Question 1

Define cardiac output

Answer 1

amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle over 1 minute

Question 2

normal cardiac output

Answer 2

4-8 liters

Question 3

Direct measurement of CO

Answer 3

-highly invasive
-PA catheter
-Cardiac catherization

Question 4

Indirect measurement

Answer 4

-urinary output
-bp
-cap refill
-skin color
-temp
-LOC
-peripheral pulse

Question 5

calculate cardiac output

Answer 5

HR X Stroke volume

Question 6

Prelaod signs HYPOVOLEMIA

Answer 6

-orthostatic changes
-decrease skin turgor
-flat neck veins
-delayed cap refill
-oliguria
-dry mucus membrane
-weak peripheral pulse

Question 7

Preload signs HYPERVOLEMIA

Answer 7

-JVD
-peripherals edema
-crackles
-acute weight gain
-shortness of breath
-bounding peripheral pulse

Question 8

Afterload

Answer 8

resistant the heart has to pump out against

Question 9

what is the mean arterial pressure

Answer 9

systolic-diastolic

Question 10

Inotropy

Answer 10

the strength of contraction

Question 11

contractility

Answer 11

how well the muscle itself function