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BIOL 527 Lecture (Neuromuscular) > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

supply with nerves

A

innervate

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2
Q

supply with blood

A

perfuse

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3
Q

Regions of the spinal cord:

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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4
Q

includes all neural structures contained within the vertebrae
* Spinal cord
* Dorsal and ventral roots
* Spinal nerves
* Meninges

A

spinal region

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5
Q

Cervical spinal nerves

A

c1-c8

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6
Q

Thoracic spinal nerves

A

T1-T12

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7
Q

Lumbar spinal nerves

A

L1-L5

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8
Q

Sacral spinal nerves

A

S1-S5

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9
Q

Coccygeal spinal nerves

A

C1

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10
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 spinal nerves

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11
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit?

A

between their same number of vertebrae

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12
Q

Vertebrae:

A

C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
C1-3

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13
Q

Segments of the spinal nerves

A

Each segment of the cord is connected to a specific region of the body by axons traveling through a pair of spinal nerves.

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14
Q

Connections of nerve rootlets to the exterior of the cord indicate

A

segments

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15
Q

carry all motor and sensory axons of a single spinal segment.

A

spinal nerves

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16
Q

In the cervical region, spinal nerves are found above the corresponding vertebrae except

A

the eighth spinal nerve
In the remainder of the cord, spinal nerves lie below the corresponding vertebrae

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17
Q

process sensory information

A

dorsal horn

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18
Q

processes autonomic information

A

lateral horn

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19
Q

processes motor information

A

ventral horn

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20
Q

region of neural tissue where neuron cell bodies are concentrated

A

gray matter

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21
Q

region of neural tissue where bundles of myelinated axons are concentrated

A

white matter

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22
Q

Sensations from skin:

A

touch
pressure
pain
touch

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23
Q

Sensations from muscles, tendons, and joints:

A

proprioception

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24
Q

where the axons from a sensory neuron and motor neuron come together

A

spinal nerve

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25
Q

central process and peripheral process make the

A

dorsal root ganglion

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26
Q

Is there a such thing as a ventral root ganglion?

A

No

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27
Q

spinal nerve

A

mixed nerve

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28
Q

every spinal nerve has a dorsal (sensory) root and a ventral (motor) root

A

Yes (mixed nerve)

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29
Q

What does the spinal nerve consist of?

A

mixed nerves (motor & sensory)

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30
Q

why do axons segregate?

A

so information can go to the part of the body that it needs to go to

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31
Q

Ventral Ramus

A

information goes to lateral and anterior receptors and skeletal muscles

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32
Q

Dorsal Ramus

A

sensory to the skin posterior trunk and motor to a portion of the erector spinae muscles

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33
Q

Ventral Rami:

A

typical spinal nerve
atypical spinal nerve (plexus)

34
Q

Typical spinal nerves

A

T1-T12

35
Q

Atypical spinal nerves

A
36
Q

plexuses are formed by what

A

ventral rami

37
Q

Trace the path of the nerve coming off the signal nerve

A
38
Q

how many ribs are in the thoracic rib cage

A

12

39
Q

what does the spinal nerve segregate into

A

dorsal and ventral ramus

40
Q

What are sensory nerves to the skin called?

A

cutaneous nerve

41
Q

medial and lateral cutaneous nerve

A
42
Q

Dorsal Ramus Pathway

A
43
Q

Ventral ramus Pathway

A
  1. around the thoracic cavity (intercostal muscles)
  2. sensory nerves go to the lateral cutaneous nerve
  3. anterior/posterior branches of cutaneous nerves
44
Q

The dorsal horn and ventral horn are

A

somas (gray matter)

45
Q

sensations that happen in a particular part of the body

A

special sensations

46
Q

5 Special Senses:

A

Smell (olfaction)
Taste (gustation)
Hearing (audition)
Balance (vestibular)
Seeing (Vision)

47
Q

sensations that happens all over the body

A

general sensations

48
Q

General sensations:

A

Touch
Pressure
Pain
Temperature
Proprioception

49
Q

if sensations end in either the primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) of cerebral hemispheres they are

A

conscious

50
Q

if sensations end in the appropriate areas of the cerebellar hemispheres they are

A

subconscious

51
Q

Gray matter structures in the spinal cord

A

Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn

52
Q

A horn in the spine that has sensory neurons

A

Dorsal horn

53
Q

The thalamus is always on what side of the body

A

contralateral

54
Q

first-order neurons are

A

unipolar

55
Q

What do second-order neurons do?

A

decussate

56
Q

All nerves are

A

peripheral nerves

57
Q

Where are the cell bodies?

A

dorsal root ganglion

58
Q

Where do the 2nd ordered neuron synapse

A

spinal cord or medulla

59
Q

Lesion of the dorsal column causes what?

A

loss of proprioception

60
Q

loss of proprioception

A

sensory ataxia

61
Q

immune disorder from lesion to the dorsal column

A

multiple sclerosis

62
Q

Damage to fasciculus cuneatus of the cervical spinal cord

A

Loss of proprioception in hands and fingers

63
Q

Loss of proprioception in hands and fingers

A

Astereognosis

64
Q

Lesion of the spinothalamic tract causes what?

A

Syringomyelia

65
Q

enlarged central canal of spinal cord

A

Syringomyelia

66
Q

the true limb consists of

A

upper arm, forearm, and

67
Q

ulnar nerve goes to the

A

hand

68
Q

radial nerve goes to the

A

whole posterior arm

69
Q

What blood vessel emerged from the inter-scalene triangle

A

subclavian

70
Q

what vessel do the subclavian artery turn into?

A

Axillary artery

71
Q

3 nerves that form the “M” to start the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve

72
Q

2 terminal branches that come off the posterior cord

A

radial
axillary

73
Q

nerve that innervates the anterior upper arm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

74
Q

the nerve that innervates the forearm

A

median nerve

75
Q

nerve that innervates the anterior palm

A

ulnar nerve

76
Q

nerve that innervates the posterior whole true limb (upper arm, forearm, and hand)

A

radial nerve

77
Q

Name the terminal branches/mixed?

A

musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
axillary nerve
radial nerve

78
Q

The more _____the limb, the higher up (C1). The more _____ on the limb the lower.

A

proximal, distal

79
Q

The brachial plexus emerges with what vessel

A

subclavian

80
Q

Somatosensory Pathways:

A

*Ascending pathways
*Sensations from the head, neck, body wall, and limbs brought to the CNS
*

81
Q

Sensory pathways are what

A

conscious and subconscious (sub means below)

82
Q
A

BIOL 527 Lecture (Neuromuscular) (8 decks)

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