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PYSCHOLOGY P1 - Approaches to Psychology > Biological Assumptions > Flashcards

Biological Assumptions Flashcards

1
Q

What does the biological approach suggest about behaviour?

A

It is caused by the internal biological systems

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2
Q

What is the nativist approach?

A

Suggests that behaviour is passed down through genes from one generation to the next

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3
Q

What is the medical model?

A

Suggests that treatment of psychological disorders should be based on the same principles used to treat physical diseases

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4
Q

What is assumption one of the biological approach?

A

Behaviour can be explained by neurotransmitters

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5
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers that carry signals from one neutron to the next

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6
Q

What are some examples of neurotransmitters?

A

Serotonin, GABA, Noradrenaline and Dopamine

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7
Q

What are neurons?

A

An electrical excitable cell which processes and transmits neurotransmitters through chemical signals via synaptic transmission

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8
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between neurons where chemicals diffuse across

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9
Q

Where do synapses occur?

A

Between the axon of the pre-neuron and there dendrites of a post-neuron

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10
Q

Where do the Axon and Dendrites carry impulses?

A

AXON - carries impulse AWAY
dENdrities - carry impulse to the Next neuron

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11
Q

What are the features of a neuron?

A

Axon and dendrites

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12
Q

What are the features of synaptic transmission?

A

Synaptic cleft, receptor sites and post-synaptic neuron

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13
Q

What has serotonin been linked to?

A

Mood regulation, sleep and apetite

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14
Q

What does too little serotonin lead to?

A

Depression

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15
Q

How do anti-depressants work?

A

Increasing amount of serotonin available in the synapses

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16
Q

What has dopamine been linked to?

A

Hallucinations and delusions

17
Q

What can too much dopamine lead to?

A

Schizophrenia

18
Q

How do anti-psychotics work?

A

Reducing dopamine levels

19
Q

What is assumption two of the biological approach?

A

Behaviour can be explained by localisation of brain function

20
Q

What does ‘localisation of function’ suggest?

A

Certain areas of the brain are responsible for particular functions

21
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain and what is their function?

A

Frontal Lobe - thinking, language (Broca’s area) and motor skills
Parietal Lobe - Sensory information
Occipital Lobe - Visual information and processing
Temporal Lobe - Auditory information (Wernicke’s area) and memory

22
Q

What may happen if each lobe is damaged?

A

Frontal Lobe - loss of fine motor skills and Broca’s aphasia (trouble producing speech)
Temporal Lobe - changes in emotional state and Wernicke’s aphasia (trouble understanding speech)
Occipital Lobe - perception issues
Parietal Lobe - sensory issues

23
Q

What is the well-known example of localisation of function?

A

Phineas Gage

24
Q

What happened to Gage?

A

Had an accident involving a metal rod going through his frontal lobe and experienced drastic personality change e.g. rude ways and more aggressive

25
Q

What is assumption three of the biological approach?

A

Behaviour can be explained by evolutionary experiences

26
Q

What does ‘evolve’ mean?

A

Change through time

27
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The idea that any genetically determined behaviour which increases chances of survival, will be naturally selected and passed down generations

28
Q

What is an example of evolutionary experiences?

A

Nyctophobia - fear of the dark once needed to be aware of predators in cavemen years

29
Q

What did Charles Darwin publish in 1879?

A

The Origins of Species - all living things must have evolved through time to become better suited to their environment

30
Q

What is ‘environment of evolutionary adaptiveness’?

A

Explains why humans have adapted from forests to developing savannahs in Africa such as large brains and ability to form relationships.

PYSCHOLOGY P1 - Approaches to Psychology (13 decks)

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