Abdominal- Bones & Muscle

Question 1

Arteries of the anterior abd wall are branches of the _________ & ________.

These include:

Answer 1

Internal thoracic:
Superior epigastric
Musculophrenic

External iliac artery:
Inferior epigastric
Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac

Question 2

Posterior of abdominal wall gets blood from _____________

Answer 2

lumbar segmental arteries

Question 3

From umbilicus lymph/veins drain superiorly to ________ and inferiorly to __________

Answer 3

Axillary region

Inguinal region

Question 4

Psoas Major

Proximal attachment:

Distal attachment:

Answer 4

Lumbar transverse process and bodies of T12-S1

Lesser trochanter

Question 5

Innervation & major function of Psoas Major & Iliacus

Answer 5

Anterior rami L2-4

Flexion of thigh at hip

Question 6

Iliacus muscle

Proximal attachment:

Distal attachment:

Answer 6

Iliac fossa & lateral sacram

Lesser trochanter

Question 7

How does a psoas abscess occur?

Answer 7

Tubercular infection of vertebral bodies can spread to psoas fascia.

Once there, nothing can stop the infection from spreading inferiorly = psoas tenderness & can mimic appendicitis

Then, infection may travel to lesser trochanter and bulge alongside femoral vessels= mimic femoral hernia

Question 8

Quadratus lumborum

Proximal attachment

Distal attachment

Innervation

Function

Answer 8

Lumbar transverse processes and 12th rib

Iliac crest

Anterior rami T12-L4

Fix 12th rib for inspiration; lateral flexion of spinal column

Question 9

Nerves of posterior abdominal wall

Answer 9

Subcostal nerve-T12

Iliohypogastric-L1
Ilioinguinal- L1

Genitofemoral nerve- L1-2

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh-L2-3

Femoral nerve- L2-4

Question 10

Unpaired arteries of the abdomen

Answer 10

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

Question 11

Paired arteries of abdomen

Answer 11

Inferior phrenic
Renal
Gonadal
Lumbar segmental
R & L common iliac

Question 12

Branches in abdomen of inferior vena cava

Answer 12

Hepatic veins
R inferior phrenic
L renal vein
(L inferior phrenic, L suprarenal, L gonadal)
R renal vein
R gonadal
Lumbar segmental
R & L common iliac

Question 13

Quadrattus lumborum muscles are covered by ___________ that adheres to posterior abd wall

Answer 13

Lateral arcuate ligaments

Question 14

Psoas major muscles are covered by ________________

Answer 14

Medial arcuate ligaments

Question 15

Aorta is covered by ________________

Answer 15

Median arcuate ligament

Question 16

Extending from median arcuate ligament are ______ & __________

Answer 16

R & L diaphgramatic crura

Question 17

Crura + Median arcuate ligament @ T12=

Answer 17

aortic hiatus

Question 18

Esophageal hiatus travels through the _______________ @ ____ level during expiration.

It lies mainly in fibers of the ________ and is usually compressed by the muscle

Answer 18

diaphragm

T10

Right crus

Question 19

Caval opening travels through the _______________ @ _____ level during expiration

Answer 19

diaphragm’s central tendon

T8

Question 20

What enables the diaphragm to flatten as it contracts

Answer 20

Its circular attachment

Question 21

Diaphragm’s sole motor nerve is what?

Answer 21

Phrenic nerve

Question 22

Why is the phrenic nerve vulnerable?

Answer 22

It runs on the anterior surface of anterior scalene & through parietal pericardium

Question 23

What causes hemidiaphragm?

Answer 23

Damage to R or L phrenic nerves (C3-5)

Question 24

Where does the blood supply come from for the diaphragm?

Answer 24

2 branches of internal thoracic artery: Pericardiacophrenic, Musculophrenic
&
Coming off aorta:
Superior phrenic
Inferior phrenic
Intercostal

Question 25

The pericardiacophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic) branches superiorly and runs with ___________

Answer 25

phrenic nerve

Question 26

Musculophrenic artery (is the terminal branch of internal thoracic) which arises the same time as the __________

Answer 26

superior epigastric artery

Question 27

Superior phrenic artery comes off aorta where?

Answer 27

Just before aorta enders abdomen

Question 28

Inferior phrenic artery comes off aorta when?

Answer 28

Immediately after entering thorax

Question 29

Intercostal arteries contribute to what part of diaphragm?

Answer 29

Lateral side

Question 30

What ligament is located at the inferior border of external abd oblique and abdomen?

Answer 30

Inguinal ligament

Question 31

Indirect inguinal hernia (male) comes from what?

Answer 31

Inguinal canal

Question 32

Most common spot for indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 32

Deep inguinal ring

Question 33

Most common spot for direct inguinal hernia

Answer 33

Hesselbach’s Triangle