unit 9 vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

designed the Stanford prison experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Leon Festinger

A

Developer of the cognitive dissonance theory that we often bring our attitudes into line with our actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Solomon Asch
A

more than 1/3 of the time, “intelligent and well-meaning” college students were “willing to call white,
black” by going along with the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Stanley Milgram
A

can ordinary people perform
evil acts because “they are simply following
orders” or “given a role”?- voltage test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • John Darley
A

Created a experiment in which they staged a fake emergency as students in separate laboratory rooms took turns talking over an intercom while one student pretended to have an epileptic seizure calling for help to test the bystander effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Bibb Latané
A

Created a experiment in which they staged a fake emergency as students in separate laboratory rooms took turns talking over an intercom while one student pretended to have an epileptic seizure calling for help to test the bystander effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • social psychology
A

the scientific study of how we think about,
influence, and relate to one another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • attribution theory
A

we explain someone’s behavior by crediting (attributing) either the situation or the person’s disposition (traits)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • fundamental attribution error
A

tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • attitude
A

feelings, often influenced by our
beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a
particular way to objects, people and events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • peripheral route persuasion
A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness and/or popularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • central route persuasion
A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • foot-in-the-door phenomenon
A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • role
A

set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • norms
A

rules for accepted and expected behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • cognitive dissonance theory
A

we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel
when 2 of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • conformity
A

adjusting our behavior or thinking to
coincide with a group standard.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • normative social influence
A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • informational social influence
A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • social facilitation
A

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • social loafing
A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • group polarization
A

enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

21
Q
  • deindividuation
A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

22
Q
  • groupthink
A

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a
realistic appraisal of alternatives

23
Q
  • culture
A

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

24
Q
  • prejudice
A

An unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

25
Q
  • stereotype
A

A generalized believe about a group of people.

26
Q
  • discrimination
A

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

27
Q
  • just-world phenomenon
A

The tendency for people to believe the world is just in that people there forget what they deserve it deserve what they get

28
Q
  • ingroup
A

People with whom we share a common identity

29
Q
  • outgroup
A

Those perceived as different or apart from our in group

30
Q
  • ingroup bias
A

The tendency to favor our own group

31
Q
  • scapegoat theory
A

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

32
Q
  • other-race effect
A

The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately then faces of other races. also called cross race effect and the own race bias

33
Q
  • aggression
A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

34
Q
  • frustration-aggression principle
A

The principle that frustration the blocking of an attempt to achieve some God creates anger which can lead to aggression.

35
Q
  • social script
A

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

36
Q
  • mere exposure effect
A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

37
Q
  • passionate love
A

Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship.

38
Q
  • companionate love
A

The deep affection attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.

39
Q
  • equity
A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

40
Q
  • altruism
A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

41
Q
  • self-disclosure
A

The act of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others

42
Q
  • bystander effect
A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

43
Q
  • social exchange theory
A

our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

44
Q
  • reciprocity norm
A

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

45
Q
  • social-responsibility norm
A

expectation that people will help those needing help

46
Q
  • conflict
A

perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

47
Q
  • social trap
A

situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behaviors

48
Q
  • mirror-image perceptions
A

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful
and views the other side as evil and
aggressive

49
Q
  • self-fulfilling prophecy
A

belief that leads to its own fulfillment

50
Q
  • superordinate goals
A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

51
Q
  • GRIT
A

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-
Reduction…a strategy designed to decrease international tensions